![\"\"](\"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot.png\")
\n
Authors: Maaike Duine and Maike Neufend
\nRecommended citation: Duine, M. and M. Neufend (2026). \"Practicing and defining openness in the Social Sciences and Humanities: are concepts, practices, policies and infrastructure (mis)aligned?\" Open Research Blog Berlin. https://doi.org/10.59350/sz8gh-jm777\n
Within our project „Open Science Magnifiers\u201d, we aim to develop discipline-specific indicators for several disciplines, one of which is the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH). After initially concentrating on outputs, such as journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, blog posts, and open data, we encountered challenges due to a lack of available data sources. Therefore, we are currently interviewing SSH researchers on how they perceive and practice open research; what is important to them, at what stage in their career and why? Based on these interviews we aim to describe SSH Open Science Case Studies and shift the focus from monitoring open research outputs to monitoring open research processes. How can this be achieved?
\nTo develop a more comprehensive understanding of the meaning of openness in SSH, and of monitoring SSH open research processes, we invited three international experts for an online panel discussion as part of our event series \u201cMagnifying Open Science\u201d. Before engaging with the audience, they first shared their insights and perspectives from their work and ongoing research projects.
\nSimon Dumas Primbault (OpenEdition, CNRS, France) introduced OpenEdition – a French public research infrastructure for open scholarly communication in the SSH. This platform comprises a wide range of open access outputs, such as books and journals, as well as blogs and events. He pointed out the broad variety of open research practices in SSH that are less visible, such as citizen science and participatory research, which should be included in the broader SSH open science framework. Simon Dumas Primbault also presented the initial results of the Project PaR\u00e9Do SHS (2024-2027), which observes sharing and reuse of research data in SSH, where there seems to be a contradiction between research data practices and research data policies. By considering criticism from the academic community and acknowledging the constructed nature of research data, the project highlights the epistemological impact of infrastructures as a nexus of tensions and a normative force.
\nIn her presentation, Lai Ma (University College Dublin, Ireland) underscored the misalignment between open research policies and open research practices in SSH. Interviews showed that some SSH researchers perceive openness as mandated through policies and funding requirements, and not as shared practices that emerge from their own disciplinary norms. She stressed how the open research focus remains on STEM disciplines, not only in policies but also in research infrastructures and metadata standards. This causes problems for practicing openness and the idea of openness in SSH. Lai Ma additionally noted that open research practices are very diverse within SSH itself, as well as what is considered \u2018data\u2019: we should bear in mind that \u2018one size does not fit all\u2019. She concluded: Openness should not be an end itself; we always have to ask ourselves, why do we want to open research?
\nSamual Moore (University of Cambridge, UK) introduced the MORPHSS (Materialising Open Research Practices in HSS) project. He underlined the fact that many open research policies and concepts, such as reproducibility and preregistration, are directed towards the STEM disciplines. This also applies for the UNESCO Open Science recommendation: there is a strong focus on open research infrastructures and open research knowledge but other pillars – open dialogue with other knowledge systems, open engagement of societal actors \u2013 are more important for SSH researchers. To address this misalignment, the MORPHHS Project has identified 30 open research practices in the Arts and Humanities, and the Social Sciences. They specifically made this distinction within SSH, and also focus more on processes and underlying practices of openness. Additionally, six key forms of openness were defined: participatory openness, epistemic openness, process openness, evidentiary openness, availability of outputs, and accessible communication of research.
\n\n
Screenshot presentation: MORPHSS (Materialising Open Research Practices in the Humanities and Social Sciences): Introducing the MORPHSS Project. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19660827
\nThe discussion that followed the three presentations, focused on challenges of practicing openness in SSH and the misalignment of policies and practices. Samual Moore stressed that policies see openness as an end, closely tied to research outputs. The focus should be shifted towards the processes involved in sharing research results. Researchers should be incentivized for sharing their research with a special focus on experimentation. However, describing and monitoring these types of processes can be challenging as standard labels for describing SSH open practices are not helpful. He advised starting from a normative perspective and considering what openness is useful for, i.e. social cohesion and collectivity. Reflecting on openness as practiced within SSH as a flexible term should also be taken into account.
\nLai Ma stated that for some researchers, openness is more than just responding to policies; they want to transfer knowledge into different communities, that is meaningful openness for them. Simon Dumas Primbault agreed that there are differences between researchers who only make things open when they are requested to do so, for example to publish Data Management Plans (DMPs), and others that are convinced about the value of open research. Samuel Moore underscored that mandating open research practices is an unhelpful way of encouraging open research. It is preferable if open research practices come from communities, because researchers can be much better convinced by their peers and discipline-specific differences can be taken into account. Simon Dumas Primbault describes OpenEdition as a product of a combination of top-down/bottom-up approaches to incentivize open research practices. It started with a bottom-up initiative but has now been institutionalized by the top-down system in France as an instrument to implement OA policies. With this, he added, risks that support staff in universities may feel alienated, could appear. Through an inhouse lab at OpenEdition research from within research infrastructures becomes an important node between infrastructure and research. Lai Ma agreed that there should be a balance between top-down and bottom-up approaches. Reforming research evaluation is also an important part of this.
\nThe discussion continued on the importance of policy makers taking into account different discipline-specific perspectives when developing open research policies. Simon Dumas Primbault stated that policy makers need to consider the resources and infrastructures needed for applying openness, as SSH researchers do agree with openness principles. Lai Ma agreed that researchers do care about transparency and reproducibility but these practices are often difficult to operationalize in SSH. Samual Moore advised that critical reflections on policies are needed and that feedback should be gathered from SSH researchers already practicing openness. He added that more inclusion is needed, and that this is not unique within SSH, but this is also heard in STEM disciplines.
\nAn alternative would be for researchers to write their own discipline-specific open research policies. The panelists agreed that if researchers had the resources this could be a valuable option. Even though it would be difficult to get consensus. It was concluded that reaching consensus and alignment between open research practices and policies is crucial for advancing openness in SSH.
\nKey takeaways:
\nPresentations:
\nThere is still time to register for the final event in our event series: Magnifying Open Science: Insights from the BUA Participatory Research Map and more. The online event will take place on Thursday April 23rd, 14-15.30H (CET). You can find additional information and the registration link here.\n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59350/sz8gh-jm777","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/?p=4052","id":"9f8dd571-34d2-4a73-a977-70cd0a1b2201","image":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot.png","images":[{"height":"600","sizes":"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px","src":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot.png","srcset":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-300x166.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-1024x567.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-768x425.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-250x139.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-550x305.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-800x443.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-325x180.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-542x300.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-903x500.png","width":"1083"}],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776688816,"language":"en","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776681572,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"ayxp2-50705","status":"active","summary":"\n \n Key takeaways from an online panel discussion with Dr. Simon Dumas Primbault, Prof. Dr. Lai Ma, and Dr. Samuel Moore\n \n\nAuthors: Maaike Duine and Maike Neufend Recommended citation: Duine, M. and M. Neufend (2026). \"Practicing and defining openness in the Social Sciences and Humanities: are concepts, practices, policies and infrastructure (mis)aligned?\" Open Research Blog Berlin.","tags":["Allgemein","BUA Open Science Magnifiers","Monitoring","Open Science","Open Research"],"title":"Practicing and defining openness in the Social Sciences and Humanities: are concepts, practices, policies and infrastructure (mis)aligned?","updated_at":1776688332,"url":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/2026/04/20/practicing-and-defining-openness-in-the-social-sciences-and-humanities-are-concepts-practices-policies-and-infrastructure-misaligned/","version":"v1"}},{"document":{"abstract":"Politische Bildung ist wichtiger als je zuvor. Deshalb hat Wikimedia nun frei verf\u00fcgbare Unterrichtsmaterialien inklusive Handreichung zum Thema Grundrechte im Digitalen ver\u00f6ffentlicht. Grundrechte in Zeiten der Digitalisierung Das Thema Grundgesetz und Grundrechte ist ein essentieller Bestandteil der politischen Bildung in der Schule.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"name":"Redaktion iRights.info"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":22135,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":"https://wayback.archive-it.org/22135/20231101173016/","archive_timestamps":null,"authors":[{"name":"Redaktion iRights.info"}],"canonical_url":true,"category":"law","community_id":"30df0209-0965-4b95-afa1-70d6c8a7d086","created_at":1694736000,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Urheberrecht und kreatives Schaffen in der digitalen Welt","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":"https://rogue-scholar.org/api/communities/7d3b25fd-a4a8-4155-8e76-99d6be06706a/logo","feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"https://irights.info/feed/atom","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"WordPress","generator_raw":"WordPress","home_page_url":"https://irights.info/","id":"26f4046a-7e6f-4c1c-8866-f4e055096c30","indexed":false,"issn":null,"language":"de","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":1729753013,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"irights","status":"active","subfield":"3308","subfield_validated":null,"title":"iRights.info","updated_at":1776674104.412849,"use_api":false,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":"81a5b5f1-97c2-416b-8715-46e10f37018c"},"blog_name":"iRights.info","blog_slug":"irights","content_html":"
Politische Bildung ist wichtiger als je zuvor. Deshalb hat Wikimedia nun frei verf\u00fcgbare Unterrichtsmaterialien inklusive Handreichung zum Thema Grundrechte im Digitalen ver\u00f6ffentlicht.
\nDas Thema Grundgesetz und Grundrechte ist ein essentieller Bestandteil der politischen Bildung in der Schule. Dabei sollte auch die gro\u00dfe Bedeutung und die G\u00fcltigkeit dieser Rechte in Zeiten der Digitalisierung vermittelt werden, denn nahezu alle Menschen und vor allem Jugendliche nutzen digitale Dienste t\u00e4glich. Dabei werden Rechte wie das Recht auf Meinungsfreiheit, auf Bildung, auf Privatsph\u00e4re und auf Teilhabe heute nicht nur durch staatliches Handeln, sondern auch durch technische Systeme, Datenstr\u00f6me und wirtschaftliche Interessen geformt \u2013 und bedroht. Die Sensibilisierung hierf\u00fcr ist in Zeiten, in denen digitale Souver\u00e4nit\u00e4t, schulische Medienbildung und generative KI stark debattiert werden, essentiell.
\nWer ist Wikimedia?
\nWikimedia ist der deutsche F\u00f6rderverein f\u00fcr Wikipedia. Der gemeinn\u00fctzige Verein setzt sich auf allen gesellschaftlichen Ebenen f\u00fcr den freien Zugang zu Wissen und Bildung ein.
\nBei dem neuen Unterrichtsmaterial handelt es sich um ein Kartenset, das es Lehr- und p\u00e4dagogischen Fachkr\u00e4ften erm\u00f6glicht, das Thema Grundrechte im Digitalen altersgerecht, lebensweltnah und spielerisch an Jugendliche in Klasse 8/9 zu vermitteln. Lernende werden daf\u00fcr sensibilisiert, wie ihre Grundrechte bei der Nutzung digitaler Dienste betroffen sein k\u00f6nnen, welche Lebensgeschichten das Risiko von Grundrechtsverletzungen erh\u00f6hen und wie sie sich f\u00fcr die Einhaltung von Grundrechten im digitalen Raum einsetzen k\u00f6nnen. Die Anwendungsm\u00f6glichkeiten des Kartensets werden in der beiliegenden didaktischen Handreichung erl\u00e4utert. Das Kartenset steht als offene Bildungsressource unter der Lizenz CC BY SA 4.0 zur Verf\u00fcgung, sowohl als digitale als auch gedruckte Version.
\nHier geht es zur Handreichung: https://www.wikimedia.de/grundrechte-im-digitalen-unterrichtsmaterialien/
\nAnmerkung der Redaktion: die Textbausteine f\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von Wikimedia Deutschland e.V. zur Verf\u00fcgung gestellt.
\niRights.info\u00a0informiert und erkl\u00e4rt rund um das Thema \u201eUrheberrecht und Kreativit\u00e4t in der digitalen Welt\u201c. Alle Texte erscheinen kostenlos und offen lizenziert.
\nWenn Sie m\u00f6gen, k\u00f6nnen Sie uns \u00fcber die\u00a0gemeinn\u00fctzige\u00a0Spendenplattform Betterplace\u00a0unterst\u00fctzen und daf\u00fcr eine Spendenbescheinigung erhalten. Betterplace akzeptiert PayPal, Bankeinzug, Kreditkarte, paydirekt oder \u00dcberweisung.
\nBesonders freuen wir uns \u00fcber einen regelm\u00e4\u00dfigen Beitrag, beispielsweise als monatlicher Dauerauftrag.\u00a0F\u00fcr Ihre Unterst\u00fctzung dankt Ihnen herzlich der\u00a0gemeinn\u00fctzige iRights e.V.!
\nDOI f\u00fcr diesen Text: \u00b7 automatische DOI-Vergabe f\u00fcr Blogs \u00fcber The Rogue Scholar
\n\u00a0
\nThe post Grundrechte im Digitalen: Didaktisch vermittelt appeared first on iRights.info.
","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59350/bjf8v-28m95","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://irights.info/?post_type=custom_artikel&p=32810","id":"86a02cb2-5d99-4a4d-8c20-1f847b9c9684","image":null,"images":[],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776682457,"language":"de","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776679870,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"9exyw-s8z94","status":"active","summary":"Politische Bildung ist wichtiger als je zuvor. Deshalb hat Wikimedia nun frei verf\u00fcgbare Unterrichtsmaterialien inklusive Handreichung zum Thema Grundrechte im Digitalen ver\u00f6ffentlicht.\n\n Grundrechte in Zeiten der Digitalisierung\n\nDas Thema Grundgesetz und Grundrechte ist ein essentieller Bestandteil der politischen Bildung in der Schule.","tags":["Allgemein","Bildung + OER","Rechtsdurchsetzung Im Internet","Wissen + Open Access","Digitales"],"title":"Grundrechte im Digitalen: Didaktisch vermittelt","updated_at":1776679939,"url":"https://irights.info/artikel/handreichung-grundrechte/32810","version":"v1"}},{"document":{"abstract":null,"archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Turner","given":"Stephen D."}],"blog":{"archive_collection":null,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":null,"archive_timestamps":null,"authors":[{"name":"Stephen Turner"}],"canonical_url":null,"category":"biologicalSciences","community_id":"382941a7-2ffa-41df-8bbb-5f772188517f","created_at":1734172613,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"A practicing data scientist's take on AI, genomics, biosecurity, and the ways AI is reshaping how science gets done. Weekly updates from the field. Occasional notes on programming.","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":null,"feed_format":"application/rss+xml","feed_url":"https://blog.stephenturner.us/feed","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"Substack","generator_raw":"Substack","home_page_url":"https://blog.stephenturner.us/","id":"bffe125c-3dfa-4f25-998f-e62878677c7c","indexed":true,"issn":null,"language":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":"https://bsky.app/profile/stephenturner.us","prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":0,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"stephenturner","status":"active","subfield":"1311","subfield_validated":true,"title":"Paired Ends","updated_at":1776675076.144415,"use_api":null,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":"ae63ef98-7475-4cc1-b3eb-244d5e096f0f"},"blog_name":"Paired Ends","blog_slug":"stephenturner","content_html":"A recent RAND report from surveyed over 1,200 students from middle school through college in December 2025 on how they\u2019re using AI for schoolwork. The headline numbers: 62% of students now use AI for homework help, up from 48% just a few months earlier. And 67% of students agreed that using AI for schoolwork harms critical thinking, up from 54% in February 2025.
![\"\"](\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DDtv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F999fa7bb-5f43-4a14-8b55-b9a4015e2587_3397x1791.png\")
In short: Students are using AI more, and they believe more strongly that doing so is bad for them.
The data shows a grade-level gradient. Older students use AI more, are more likely to think teachers are checking for it, and are more worried about being accused of cheating. By college, 72% report using AI for homework, and 86% believe their teachers are checking. A majority of college students said the rules depend on the specific teacher, which means there are no real rules at all, just a patchwork of individual preferences.
Most students don\u2019t consider their AI use cheating, with one exception: getting homework answers. For brainstorming and getting better explanations, large majorities said it was fine. Writing was more contested, with half of students saying \u201cit depends.\u201d
![\"\"](\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xbq7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b8310ba-164b-4f72-9d1a-e9f4f3b4139d_999x686.png\")
That tracks with the report\u2019s recommendation that schools differentiate between \u201ccognitive offloading\u201d (AI does the thinking) and \u201ccognitive augmentation\u201d (AI helps you think harder). Students seem to already have an intuitive version of this distinction in their heads.
Only about a third of students said their school had any schoolwide rule about AI use. Middle schoolers reported the least clarity, which is concerning given that middle school is where AI use grew fastest over 2025.
![\"\"](\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ukZX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F873d3ef8-0689-47b7-acdd-2b5b849dd9cd_1019x1064.png\")
From talking with colleagues here and at other universities I think the pattern matches what\u2019s in this report. The students who already have strong foundations use AI to move faster through routine work. The ones still building those foundations risk skipping steps they can\u2019t yet afford to skip. The report\u2019s survey can\u2019t distinguish between these two groups. A student using ChatGPT to brainstorm a research question is doing something different from a student using it to avoid learning how to formulate one.
The report recommends that schools adopt flipped classroom models to preserve cognitive friction during learning, citing modestly positive evidence from a recent meta-analysis.
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recent RAND survey finds rising AI use alongside rising skepticism among students.","tags":["AI"],"title":"Students Think AI Hurts Their Thinking. They Use It Anyway.","updated_at":1776679813,"url":"https://blog.stephenturner.us/p/students-think-ai-hurts-their-thinking-they-use-it-anyway","version":"v1"}},{"document":{"abstract":null,"archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Kr\u00fcger","given":"Benedikt"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":null,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":null,"archive_timestamps":null,"authors":[{"name":"Open Access Network"}],"canonical_url":null,"category":"otherSocialSciences","community_id":"969d397b-49b9-4c53-9220-607ef85409e5","created_at":1743604215.212958,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Neueste Beitr\u00e4ge","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":null,"feed_format":"application/rss+xml","feed_url":"https://open-access.network/rss-feed?type=200","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"Other","generator_raw":"Other","home_page_url":"https://open-access.network","id":"f5a57494-4e8e-41d9-b84c-26cb9b0ab291","indexed":true,"issn":null,"language":"de","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.64395","registered_at":0,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"oa_network","status":"active","subfield":"1802","subfield_validated":null,"title":"Open Access Network","updated_at":1776674564.144367,"use_api":null,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":null},"blog_name":"Open Access Network","blog_slug":"oa_network","content_html":"Open Access meets Landeskunde. Neue Wege des Publizierens in Niedersachsen\n\nOpen Access in der Landeskunde sichtbar machen: Die Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek (GWLB) und das Projekt FLOAT luden am 12. Februar 2026 in Hannover zum Workshop \u201eOpen Access und Landeskunde\u201c ein. Forschende, Einrichtungen, Verlage und Bibliotheken diskutierten Strategien und Herausforderungen der OA-Transformation in Niedersachsens Landesgeschichtsforschung.\nStrategische Signale aus Wissenschaft und Ged\u00e4chtnisinstitutionen\n\nNach einem informellen Ankommen bei Kaffee er\u00f6ffnete Anne-Katrin Henkel, stellvertretende Direktorin der GWLB, den Tag mit einer Begr\u00fc\u00dfung, in der sie den Stellenwert von Open Access f\u00fcr eine moderne Landesbibliothek betonte. In den anschlie\u00dfenden Gru\u00dfworten unterstrichen Anna Teschner vom Nieders\u00e4chsischen Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kultur sowie Arne Butt von der Historischen Kommission f\u00fcr Niedersachsen und Bremen die Bedeutung freier Zug\u00e4nglichkeit von Forschungsergebnissen besonders im Bereich der Landeskunde. Erg\u00e4nzend dazu erl\u00e4uterte Andreas Steinsieck, Leiter der Abteilung Medienbearbeitung an der GWLB, mit Verweis auf die aktualisierte Open-Access-Policy des Hauses die strategische Positionierung der GWLB als wichtiger Anlaufstelle insbesondere f\u00fcr au\u00dferuniversit\u00e4r Forschende \u2013 einer Zielgruppe, die zwar durchaus daran interessiert ist Open Access zu publizieren, bislang aber kaum durch einschl\u00e4gige F\u00f6rderprogramme darin unterst\u00fctzt wird.\nDas FLOAT-Projekt: Ziele, Pilotprojekte und Verlagsperspektive\n\nIm Anschluss stellte Benedikt Kr\u00fcger (GWLB) als Projektverantwortlicher das Projekt F\u00f6rderung landeskundlicher Open-Access-Transformation (FLOAT) vor, das darauf abzielt, ein st\u00e4rkeres Bewusstsein f\u00fcr Open Access in der landeskundlichen Community in Niedersachsen zu schaffen und neue Wege f\u00fcr die Finanzierung und Umsetzung von Open Access-Transformationsvorhaben zu erproben. Als Beispiel f\u00fcr eine solche Transformation stellte Benedikt Kr\u00fcger u. a. das Pilotprojekt \u201eOpen-Access-Transformation der Reihe Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission f\u00fcr Niedersachsen und Bremen\u201c vor, das in Kooperation mit dem Wallstein-Verlag und der Historischen Kommission entwickelt wurde. Im Rahmen dieses Projekts werden ausgew\u00e4hlte B\u00e4nde der sehr umfangreichen Reihe retrospektiv Open Access publiziert. F\u00fcr zuk\u00fcnftig geplante B\u00e4nde wiederum sollen verschiedene Formen der Open-Access-Finanzierung, wie z. B. konsortiale Finanzierungen oder purchase to open gepr\u00fcft werden. Bezugnehmend auf dieses Projekt erl\u00e4uterte Lena Hartmann (Wallstein Verlag) wie sich der Wallstein Verlag durch die Entwicklung von Open-Access-Gesch\u00e4ftsmodellen und die Durchf\u00fchrung von Transformationsprojekten zu den Ver\u00e4nderungen des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens positioniert. Zugleich verwies sie aber auch auf die gro\u00dfen technischen und personellen Herausforderungen, die f\u00fcr kleinere Verlage damit einhergehen.\nNieders\u00e4chsische F\u00f6rderlandschaft und Infrastruktur\n\nDer sp\u00e4te Vormittag stand im Zeichen von Projekten und F\u00f6rderm\u00f6glichkeiten. Jan Stieglitz pr\u00e4sentierte NiedersachsenOPEN, ein vom Land Niedersachsen und der Volkswagenstiftung finanziertes Programm. Es f\u00f6rdert sowohl die Open Access-Stellung von Publikationen aus und \u00fcber Niedersachsen als auch Infrastrukturprojekte \u2013 darunter das FLOAT-Projekt. Einen Einblick und Vorausblick in die Arbeit der Servicestelle Diamond Open Access (SeDOA) vermittelte Katja Wermbter, die besonders auf den SeDOA Distribution Hub und die Unterst\u00fctzung bei technischen und rechtlichen Fragen hinwies. Daran ankn\u00fcpfend stellte Linda Martin vom Vorprojekt NiedersachsenPUBLISHING das Konzept f\u00fcr eine kooperativ aufgebaute und \u00fcber verschiedene nieders\u00e4chsische Bibliotheken verteilte Diamond-Open-Access-Publikationsinfrastruktur vor. In jedem der drei Vortr\u00e4ge wurden auch spezifische, f\u00fcr die landeskundliche Forschung relevante Ankn\u00fcpfungspunkte, etwa durch die Bereitstellung von Beratungsangeboten, aufgezeigt.\nEin Blick \u00fcber die Landesgrenzen\n\nAm Nachmittag r\u00fcckten Open-Access-Projekte in den Fokus, die mit ihren jeweiligen Ans\u00e4tzen und Schwerpunktsetzungen Impulse f\u00fcr zuk\u00fcnftige landeskundliche Open-Access-Initiativen liefern sollten. Gerrit Heim (Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe) stellte RegionaliaOPEN vor, eine Plattform, die bereits seit mehreren Jahren Publikationen zur Region Baden offen zug\u00e4nglich macht und dabei auf eine rege Nachfrage, aber auch einen hohen Beratungsbedarf seitens der landeskundlichen Community st\u00f6\u00dft. Daniel Fischer (SLUB Dresden) pr\u00e4sentierte beispielhaft die umfangreichen Aktivit\u00e4ten zur Kl\u00e4rung von Rechten bei der nachtr\u00e4glichen Open-Access-Stellung landeskundlicher Periodika. Zum Abschluss zeigte Markus Bierkoch (GWLB) auf, welche Rolle die in Niedersachsen neu eingef\u00fchrte E-Pflicht, also die Pflichtabgabe elektronischer Publikationen aus Niedersachsen an die GWLB, f\u00fcr eine umfassende, frei zug\u00e4ngliche \u00dcberlieferung landeskundlicher Publikationen spielen k\u00f6nnte.\nWorld Caf\u00e9 zu Chancen, H\u00fcrden und Unterst\u00fctzungsbedarfen\n\nEin zentrales Element des Workshops war das World Caf\u00e9 am Nachmittag, das den Teilnehmenden einen aktiven Austausch erm\u00f6glichte. An drei Thementischen wurden Leitfragen diskutiert: Was spricht f\u00fcr Open Access in der nieders\u00e4chsischen Landeskunde? Welche H\u00fcrden stehen dem Open-Access-Publizieren entgegen? Und welche Formen der Unterst\u00fctzung und Services werden konkret ben\u00f6tigt, damit Open Access im landeskundlichen Bereich breitere Akzeptanz findet? Die offene Gespr\u00e4chsform erm\u00f6glichte es, Erfahrungen aus Forschung, Verlagen, Einrichtungen und Projekten zusammenzubringen. In den Gespr\u00e4chen wurden noch st\u00e4rker die Potenziale herausgearbeitet, die Open Access f\u00fcr die Landeskunde bringen kann: von der besseren Sichtbarkeit landeskundlicher Publikationen, \u00fcber die Langzeitverf\u00fcgbarkeit bis hin zu ganz neuen M\u00f6glichkeiten der Vernetzung landeskundlicher Publikationen mit Kulturdaten anderer Ged\u00e4chtnisinstitutionen. Zugleich zeichneten sich in den Diskussionen aber auch Spannungs- bzw. Handlungsfelder ab. Einige Wortmeldungen monierten die Diskrepanz zwischen den Vorgaben von F\u00f6rderern einerseits und den Interessen von landeskundlich Publizierenden andererseits. Insbesondere wurde die Vorgabe kritisiert, ausschlie\u00dflich die freieren Lizenzen CC BY und CC BY-SA zu vergeben. Hier w\u00fcnschten sich einige Teilnehmende u.a. mit Verweis auf die bestehenden Unsicherheiten im Zuge der Verarbeitung von Inhalten durch KI-Anwendungen mehr Auswahlm\u00f6glichkeiten, um im Zweifel auch restriktivere Lizenzen vergeben zu k\u00f6nnen Festgestellt wurde auch, dass sich mit Blick auf die Landeskunde ein hoher Bedarf an kontinuierlichen Beratungs- und Informationsangeboten sowie F\u00f6rderm\u00f6glichkeiten abzeichnet, der zwar kurz- und mittelfristig durch bestehende Open-Access-Projekte bedient werden k\u00f6nne. W\u00fcnschenswert w\u00e4re aber nach Meinung verschiedener Teilnehmender eine Strategie f\u00fcr eine dauerhafte und nachhaltige Unterst\u00fctzung landeskundliche Forschender, die Open Access publizieren wollen.\nErgebnisse und Ausblick\n\nNach einer kurzen Kaffeepause wurden die Ergebnisse des World Caf\u00e9s im Plenum zusammengetragen und diskutiert. Dabei zeigte sich ein breiter Konsens, dass Open Access in der Landeskunde gro\u00dfe Chancen f\u00fcr Sichtbarkeit und Vernetzung dieser Forschung bietet. Die im Verlauf des Workshops aufgekommenen Diskussionen \u00fcber die Auswahl und Vergabe von CC-Lizenzen oder auch \u00fcber die Frage, was genau \u201eNachnutzbarkeit\u201c im Kontext von Open Access bedeutet, verdeutlichte aber auch, dass zugleich niedrigschwellige Beratungs- und Informationsangebote sowie verl\u00e4ssliche Infrastrukturen ben\u00f6tigt werden, um landeskundliche Forschende beim Open-Access-Publizieren zu unterst\u00fctzen.\n\nLiteratur\n\nDie Pr\u00e4sentationsfolien zum Workshop wurden auf Zenodo ver\u00f6ffentlicht:\n\n Bierkoch, M (2026). E-Pflicht und Open Access an der GWLB. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18978416.\n Fischer, D (2026). Open Access und Rechtekl\u00e4rung. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18979043.\n Hartmann, L (2026). Open-Access-Transformation aus Verlagssicht. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18979274.\n Kr\u00fcger, B (2026). Das FLOAT-Projekt. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18977953.\n Martin, L (2026). Vorprojekt NiedersachsenPUBLISHING. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18978983.\n Stieglitz, J. & M. Schatz (2026). NiedersachsenOPEN - Zentraler Publikationsfonds des Landes Niedersachsen. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18885371.\n Wermbter, K (2026). SeDOA. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18979086.","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64395/qabq1-w3e42","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://open-access.network/blog/open-access-meets-landeskunde-neue-wege-des-publizierens-in-niedersachsen","id":"76b02a6f-9c9e-4a84-afa8-5c1735041d1c","image":null,"images":[],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776674440,"language":"de","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776672300,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"w13gn-p3m09","status":"active","summary":"Open Access meets Landeskunde. Neue Wege des Publizierens in Niedersachsen Open Access in der Landeskunde sichtbar machen: Die Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek (GWLB) und das Projekt FLOAT luden am 12. Februar 2026 in Hannover zum Workshop \u201eOpen Access und Landeskunde\u201c ein. Forschende, Einrichtungen, Verlage und Bibliotheken diskutierten Strategien und Herausforderungen der OA-Transformation in Niedersachsens Landesgeschichtsforschung.","tags":["Open Access Finanzierung","Open Access In Der Praxis","Open Access Transformation","Zweitver\u00f6ffentlichung","Open Access Policy"],"title":"Open Access meets Landeskunde. Neue Wege des Publizierens in Niedersachsen","updated_at":1776672300,"url":"https://open-access.network/blog/open-access-meets-landeskunde-neue-wege-des-publizierens-in-niedersachsen","version":"v1"}},{"document":{"abstract":"Seit 2010 begeht die UNESCO am 20. April den Tag der chinesischen Sprache. Eine passende Gelegenheit, um im TIB-Blog \u00fcber Chinesisch als Wissenschaftssprache zu schreiben und die Fachdatenbank CAOD \u2013 China/Asia On Demand vorzustellen.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Lu","given":"Linna"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":null,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":null,"archive_timestamps":null,"authors":null,"canonical_url":null,"category":"engineeringAndTechnology","community_id":"db0d8909-9e37-46d0-b16c-0551f575e86b","created_at":1749798261.334959,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Das Blog der TIB \u2013 Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":true,"favicon":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/TIB_fav_icon_24x24.png","feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"https://blog.tib.eu/feed/atom/","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"WordPress","generator_raw":"WordPress 6.8.1","home_page_url":"https://blog.tib.eu/","id":"135a354f-2969-4852-9a7c-b6cda0a692a4","indexed":true,"issn":null,"language":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.65527","registered_at":0,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"tib","status":"active","subfield":"1802","subfield_validated":null,"title":"TIB-Blog","updated_at":1776675164.057346,"use_api":true,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":null},"blog_name":"TIB-Blog","blog_slug":"tib","content_html":"Seit 2010 begeht die UNESCO am 20. April den Tag der chinesischen Sprache \u2013 einen von sechs Welttagen, mit denen die Organisation die linguistische Vielfalt der Menschheit feiert und die Bedeutung der gleichberechtigten Verwendung der sechs Amtssprachen als Arbeitssprachen der Vereinten Nationen in den Vordergrund r\u00fcckt. Das Datum ist kein Zufall: Es verweist auf den legend\u00e4ren Chronisten des Gelben Kaisers, Cang Jie, dem die chinesische \u00dcberlieferung die Erfindung der Schriftzeichen zuschreibt.
\n![\"\"](\"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_kexue.png\")
F\u00fcr eine spezielle wissenschaftliche Fachbibliothek wie die TIB bietet dieser Tag einen willkommenen Anlass zur Reflexion: Welche Sprache sprechen wir eigentlich, wenn wir von globaler Wissenschaft reden? Die ehrliche Antwort lautet meistens: Englisch. Und das ist ein Problem. Denn wer nur englischsprachige Literatur aufnimmt, liest nicht die gesamte Weltliteratur der Wissenschaft, sondern nur einen Ausschnitt davon.
\nDie Mehrsprachigkeit in der Wissenschaft ist keine idealistische Vorstellung, sondern eine epistemologische Notwendigkeit. Originelle Entdeckungen entspringen oft der Muttersprache der Forschenden. Inhalte, die nicht \u00fcbersetzt oder \u00fcbernommen werden, bleiben f\u00fcr den Rest der Welt weitgehend unbekannt. Insbesondere in den Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften ist der Preis dieser \u201eUnsichtbarkeit\u201c enorm. Gerade in diesen Bereichen hat sich China innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte zu einer der weltweit f\u00fchrenden Wissenschaftsm\u00e4chte entwickelt.
\nDie bibliometrischen Daten der vergangenen Jahre lesen sich wie eine stille Revolution. Was einst lediglich als quantitativer Anstieg betrachtet wurde, hat sich inzwischen zu qualitativer Exzellenz gewandelt und die Rangordnung in der globalen Wissenschaftswelt neu definiert.
\nIm Nature Index, dem wohl renommiertesten Ma\u00dfstab f\u00fcr Beitr\u00e4ge zu den 145 weltweit bedeutendsten Naturwissenschaftsjournalen, \u00fcberholte China die USA im Jahr 2024 mit einem Vorsprung von 17 Prozent: 37.273 chinesische Artikel standen 31.930 amerikanischen gegen\u00fcber. Das ist kein vor\u00fcbergehender Ausrei\u00dfer: W\u00e4hrend Chinas Anteil seit 2020 um 95 Prozent wuchs, stieg der amerikanische Anteil im gleichen Zeitraum um lediglich 9,5 Prozent [1].
\nBesonders bemerkenswert: In den Bereichen Physik und Ingenieurwissenschaften hat China inzwischen nicht nur die USA, sondern die gesamte OECD \u00fcberholt, also die Summe aller Publikationen aus den USA, Deutschland, Gro\u00dfbritannien, Frankreich, Japan und 33 weiteren L\u00e4ndern. F\u00fchrt somit die Top 20 List in der CWTS Leiden Ranking (Open Edition) ausschlie\u00dflich mit chinesischen Institutionen [2] an. Das gleiche Bild wiederholt sich auch im aktuellen Nature Index \u201eInstitution rankings\u201c im Bereich Chemie [3].
\nParallel w\u00e4chst die Strahlkraft chinesischer Institutionen. Der Nature Index listet zehn f\u00fchrende Forschungseinrichtungen weltweit f\u00fcr die \u201eJournal group: Natural Sciences\u201c auf \u2013 neun davon in China. Die Chinesische Akademie der Wissenschaften (CAS) h\u00e4lt die Spitzenposition [4]. Und: Der Anteil chinesischer Forschender in der Kategorie der \u201eHighly Cited Researchers\u201c (Clarivate) hat sich seit 2018 mehr als verdoppelt [5].
\nWas bedeutet das f\u00fcr uns? Es bedeutet, dass ein erheblicher Teil der wichtigsten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse unserer Zeit auf Chinesisch entstanden ist \u2013 und in chinesischsprachigen Zeitschriften erstver\u00f6ffentlicht wurde. Wer diese Literatur nicht erschlie\u00dft, verpasst h\u00f6chstwahrscheinlich viele wichtige Informationen.
\nDie Dominanz des Englischen im internationalen Wissenschaftsbetrieb hat einen strukturellen Bias erzeugt, der selten explizit gemacht wird: Unsere Zitationsdatenbanken, unsere Rankings, unsere Peer-Review-Prozesse sind historisch westlich-anglophon ausgerichtet. Wer auf Chinesisch publiziert, sieht seine Arbeit systematisch unterbewertet \u2013 nicht weil sie schw\u00e4cher w\u00e4re \u2013 sondern weil die Infrastruktur des globalen Wissenschaftsbetriebs sie als schlechter ansieht.
\nDie Folgen sind bisweilen konkret: Berichte \u00fcber die Infektion von Schweinen mit Vogelgrippe-Viren in China wurden von der internationalen Gemeinschaft \u2013 einschlie\u00dflich WHO und UN \u2013 zun\u00e4chst nicht wahrgenommen, weil sie ausschlie\u00dflich in chinesischsprachigen Fachzeitschriften erschienen waren [6]. Und eine aktuelle Befragungsstudie mit 908 Wissenschaftler:innen aus acht L\u00e4ndern zeigt: Nicht-Englisch-Muttersprachler:innen ben\u00f6tigen f\u00fcr dieselben wissenschaftlichen T\u00e4tigkeiten \u2013 Lekt\u00fcre, Manuskripterstellung, Konferenzbeitr\u00e4ge \u2013 bis zu doppelt so viel Zeit wie ihre anglophonen Kolleg:innen [7]. Erkenntnisse und Karrieren gehen verloren, nicht wegen mangelnder Qualit\u00e4t, sondern wegen struktureller Sprachbarrieren.
\nSprache ist kein Verpackungsmaterial wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis. Sie ist der Raum, in dem Denken stattfindet.
\nOriginalsprachige Literatur zu lesen bedeutet, Wissenschaft in dem Kontext zu begegnen, in dem sie entstanden ist \u2013 mit den Nuancen, Begrifflichkeiten und epistemischen Vorannahmen, die in eine \u00dcbersetzung oft nicht \u00fcbertragen werden k\u00f6nnen.
\nMit der neuen Campuslizenz f\u00fcr CAOD \u2013 China/Asia On Demand stellt unsere Bibliothek ab sofort eine der umfangreichsten Fachdatenbanken f\u00fcr chinesisch- und asiatischsprachige Wissenschaftsliteratur in Technik, Natur- und Medizinwissenschaften zur Verf\u00fcgung. In der deutschen Hochschullandschaft ist dies ein echtes Alleinstellungsmerkmal.
\n![\"\"](\"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-1024x664.png\")
China/Asia On Demand (CAOD) / Asia Document Delivery ist ein spezialisiertes Wissensportal f\u00fcr wissenschaftliche Materialien aus China und dem asiatischen Raum. Die webbasierte Plattform erm\u00f6glicht eine effiziente Recherche und den elektronischen Zugriff auf umfangreiche Fachinformationen dank leistungsf\u00e4higer Such- und Auffindungsfunktionen.
\nVerf\u00fcgbar sind \u00fcber 10.000 elektronische Zeitschriftentitel sowie Millionen von Abschlussarbeiten, Dissertationen, Normen, Buchkapiteln, Patenten, Zeitungsartikeln und Konferenzbeitr\u00e4gen. Im Rahmen unseres Abonnements ist ein Gro\u00dfteil der Dokumente im Originalformat einschlie\u00dflich Grafiken und Abbildungen direkt im Volltext \u00fcber die Plattform zug\u00e4nglich.
\nDas Besondere dabei: Die Datenbank erschlie\u00dft nicht nur international sichtbare Journals, sondern auch nationale Fachzeitschriften, Forschungsberichte und weitere Formen wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation, die h\u00e4ufig ausschlie\u00dflich in chinesischer Sprache vorliegen. Damit wird ein Forschungsraum zug\u00e4nglich, der bislang nur eingeschr\u00e4nkt nutzbar war.
\nF\u00fcr Forschende, Lehrende und Studierende bedeutet dies einen erheblichen Mehrwert:
\nDie Frage, ob Englisch die Wissenschaftssprache der Zukunft bleibt, wird zunehmend diskutiert, und die Daten sprechen eine eindeutige Sprache. China investiert massiv in den Aufbau eigener Fachzeitschriften von internationalem Rang. Die Zahl chinesischer Titel in hochrangigen Datenbanken steigt. Maschinelle \u00dcbersetzung und KI-gest\u00fctzte Tools werden es in absehbarer Zeit erleichtern, fremdsprachige Fachliteratur zu erschlie\u00dfen, ohne dass dabei das Original aus dem Blick ger\u00e4t.
\nWas sich nicht automatisieren l\u00e4sst, ist die institutionelle Bereitschaft, mehrsprachige Wissenschaft als Wert anzuerkennen. Bibliotheken haben dabei eine Schl\u00fcsselrolle: nicht nur als Zugangspunkte, sondern als Kuratorinnen wissenschaftlicher Vielfalt.
\nWir laden Sie herzlich ein, die Datenbank zu erkunden, ob f\u00fcr Ihre n\u00e4chste Literaturrecherche, eine Seminararbeit oder ein Drittmittelprojekt. Das Angebot steht allen Angeh\u00f6rigen unserer Einrichtung zur Verf\u00fcgung, erreichbar \u00fcber DBIS (https://dbis.u r.de/UBTIB/resources/106734).
\nUnd wer dabei auf ein Schriftzeichen st\u00f6\u00dft, das er nicht kennt? Der hat guten Grund, neugierig zu bleiben.
\n[1] https://quincyinst.org/research/chinas-historic-rise-to-the-top-of-the-scientific-ladder/#h-can-america-respond
\n[2] https://open.leidenranking.com/ranking/2025/list
\n[3] https://www.nature.com/nature-index/institution-outputs/generate/chemistry/global/all
\n[4] https://www.nature.com/nature-index/institution-outputs/generate/natural-sciences/global/all
\n[5] https://stories.springernature.com/global-research-pulse-china/index.html#section-HCR96QdzBb
\n[6] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5199034/#pbio.2000933.ref008
\n[7] https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002184
\n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65527/dwwtk-3mz56","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://blog.tib.eu/?p=31653","id":"b89cd203-a1e8-466c-897d-330f51b0c319","image":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD.png","images":[{"height":"267","sizes":"auto, (max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px","src":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_kexue.png","srcset":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_kexue.png, https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_kexue-300x105.png","width":"761"},{"height":"519","sizes":"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px","src":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-1024x664.png","srcset":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-1024x664.png, https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-300x194.png, https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-768x498.png, https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD.png","width":"800"},{"alt":"Die Fachdatenbanken CAOD","src":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-1024x664.png"}],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776671308,"language":"de","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776669318,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"6sc8z-v3m36","status":"active","summary":"Seit 2010 begeht die UNESCO am 20. April den Tag der chinesischen Sprache \u2013 einen von sechs Welttagen, mit denen die Organisation die linguistische Vielfalt der Menschheit feiert und die Bedeutung der gleichberechtigten Verwendung der sechs Amtssprachen als Arbeitssprachen der Vereinten Nationen in den Vordergrund r\u00fcckt.","tags":["Bibliometrie Verstehen","Wissen Verbinden","WISSENSCHAFTLICHES ARBEITEN","Lizenz:CC-BY-4.0-INT","Ostasien"],"title":"Tag der chinesischen Sprache: Chinesisch als Wissenschaftssprache und die Datenbank CAOD","updated_at":1776353323,"url":"https://blog.tib.eu/2026/04/20/tag-der-chinesischen-sprache-chinesisch-als-wissenschaftssprache-und-die-datenbank-caod/","version":"v1"}},{"document":{"abstract":"Norbisley Fern\u00e1ndez Ram\u00edrez (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-4622 ) Vilda Rodr\u00edguez M\u00e9ndez (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-575X)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gobernabilidad algor\u00edtmica: \u00bfser\u00e1 un problema cultural? El autor siempre ha escrito para seres humanos: en ciencia ser\u00eda para pares, estudiantes y evaluadores.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"affiliation":[{"id":"https://ror.org/040qyzk67","name":"University of Camag\u00fcey"}],"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","given":"Norbisley","url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-4622"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":22132,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":"https://wayback.archive-it.org/22132/20231107222423/","archive_timestamps":null,"authors":null,"canonical_url":null,"category":"mediaAndCommunications","community_id":"75ec3445-aeaa-43b6-944d-0da417ef533e","created_at":1692662400,"current_feed_url":null,"description":null,"doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":"https://rogue-scholar.org/api/communities/75ec3445-aeaa-43b6-944d-0da417ef533e/logo","feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"https://norbisley.wordpress.com/feed/atom/","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"WordPress.com","generator_raw":"WordPress.com","home_page_url":"https://norbisley.wordpress.com","id":"bfa416f0-e34b-407f-bcf8-08ab8f5334ff","indexed":false,"issn":null,"language":"es","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":1729773207,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"norbisley","status":"active","subfield":"3315","subfield_validated":null,"title":"Edici\u00f3n y comunicaci\u00f3n de la Ciencia","updated_at":1776674564.151877,"use_api":true,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":"126368cd-e941-4e6f-8316-f5fe574e595b"},"blog_name":"Edici\u00f3n y comunicaci\u00f3n de la Ciencia","blog_slug":"norbisley","content_html":"\nNorbisley Fern\u00e1ndez Ram\u00edrez (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-4622 )
\n\n\n\nVilda Rodr\u00edguez M\u00e9ndez (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-575X)
\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https://norbisley.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/art.-2.png?w=1024\")
El autor siempre ha escrito para seres humanos: en ciencia ser\u00eda para pares, estudiantes y evaluadores. Mas el ecosistema digital actual est\u00e1 determinado por un agente intermediario que segmenta p\u00fablicos y mercados: el algoritmo. En el ambiente acad\u00e9mico, entender como funciona la influencia algor\u00edtmica no es cuesti\u00f3n de marketing, sino de supervivencia acad\u00e9mica. Todos quieren ser visibles, todos quieren que su revista o libro est\u00e9 indexado, pero pocos comprenden algunos aspectos b\u00e1sicos:
\n\n\n\nMuchas editoriales siguen publicando en PDF. Los indexadores no “leen” el contenido del PDF de la misma forma que nosotros; ellos consumen metadatos. Para que una instituci\u00f3n u autor entre en el c\u00edrculo de influencia de los grandes referentes, debe empezar a hablar su mismo dialecto digital.
\n\n\n\nLas soluciones para este desaf\u00edo no son solo t\u00e9cnicas, son estrat\u00e9gicas:
\n\n\n\nBajo estas premisas examinaremos algunas pr\u00e1cticas inadecuadas, sus consecuencias y c\u00f3mo mitigar las \u00faltimas a niveles institucional e individual.
\n\n\n\nHace poco escuch\u00e9 la frase de \u201cvisibilidad con prop\u00f3sito\u201d, pero lamentablemente aquella propuesta respond\u00eda a pol\u00edticas de evaluaci\u00f3n que replicaban la visi\u00f3n de la indexaci\u00f3n como una meta. El \u00e9xito digital depende de la capacidad para transferir la gobernabilidad algor\u00edtmica a la pol\u00edtica editorial y no al rev\u00e9s, se trata de un proceso de comunicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1quina-a-m\u00e1quina.
\n\n\n\nTranspolando a Foucault al ecosistema de la publicaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica, pudiera decirse que existe un proceso de apropiaci\u00f3n simb\u00f3lica de la identidad del sujeto-productor. En este proceso, el valor de la apertura no reside solo en el acceso al texto, sino en la capacidad de esos datos para ser integrados en sistemas mayores (Willinsky, 2006), manteniendo \u2014en nuestra opini\u00f3n\u2014 su control. Las instituciones deben profesionalizar su arquitectura digital. Solo cuando hablamos el lenguaje de los indexadores logramos que el algoritmo trabaje a nuestro favor, conectando nuestro conocimiento con quienes realmente lo necesitan.
\n\n\n\nPara una universidad o una ONG, el conocimiento producido por sus expertos es su mayor activo financiero no declarado. Sin embargo, la mayor\u00eda de las instituciones sufren una “fuga de capital” constante: financian la investigaci\u00f3n, pero permiten que la visibilidad y el prestigio (el retorno de inversi\u00f3n) se queden en manos de servidores externos o repositorios mal gestionados.
\n\n\n\nExiste a nivel general la percepci\u00f3n de que la producci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica de universidades es su mayor activo financiero no declarado. Sin embargo muchas instituciones financian investigaciones y luego regalan su visibilidad, de modo que el retorno de inversi\u00f3n queda en servidores externos o repositorios gestionados inadecuadamente.
\n\n\n\nEn resumen si su instituci\u00f3n o habla el lenguaje de los indexadores, cada vez que un informe cient\u00edfico, una revista o un libro es invisible para las ara\u00f1as de Google Schoolar o las bases de datos que posicionan ciencia, se deprecia su marca institucional. Esta fuga de capital sucede m\u00e1s de lo que quisi\u00e9ramos y no es solo una cuesti\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica, muchas veces la brecha es cultural. Se entiende que tiene valor pero no se interioriza para la toma de decisiones.
\n\n\n\nEn este mundo digital no todos tenemos que ser programadores, pero tenemos que saber c\u00f3mo funciona el algoritmo. El C\u00edrculo de Influencia Algor\u00edtmica permite que una instituci\u00f3n compita con los gigantes mundiales si su arquitectura de datos es correcta. Al profesionalizar sus publicaciones, usted convierte el gasto en investigaci\u00f3n en un activo de reputaci\u00f3n que atrae convenios, prestigio y sostenibilidad financiera.
\n\n\n\nVolvemos al mismo inicio, cada vez que un investigador env\u00eda un art\u00edculo a una editorial sin estrategia de posicionamiento digital regala su activo financiero. Datos, citas, propiedad intelectual son insumos conductuales para una industria millonaria con vitrina de m\u00e9trica editorial y coraz\u00f3n predictivo. Esta empaqueta su experiencia y tiempo y la vende luego a universidades en forma de herramienta necesaria para la visibilidad.
\n\n\n\nEn el proceso de indexaci\u00f3n los buscadores le otorgan autoridad a datos claros y conexiones verificables. Use el algoritmo a su favor, no trabaje para \u00e9l.
\n\n\n\nAlperin, J. P., Nieves, R., Schimanski, J. P., Fischman, G. E., Niles, M. T., & McKiernan, E. C. (2019). How significant are the public dimensions of faculty work in review, promotion and tenure documents? eLife, 8, e42251. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42251
\n\n\n\nFoucault, M. (2002). La arqueolog\u00eda del saber (A. Garz\u00f3n del Camino, Trad.). Siglo XXI. (Obra original publicada en 1969).
\n\n\n\nPooley, J. (2023). Scientific text editing under surveillance: major publishers and the monetization of authors\u2019 information. CICIMAR Oce\u00e1nides, 38(1), 9\u201318. https://doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v38i1.288
\n\n\n\nTello, A. M. (2018). Anarchivismo: Tecnolog\u00edas pol\u00edticas del archivo. Ediciones La Cebra.
\n\n\n\nWillinsky, J. (2006). The access principle: The case for open access to research and scholarship. MIT Press.
\n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59350/wzacc-svs70","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://norbisley.wordpress.com/?p=797","id":"b43d7ade-74c4-4b8a-a55c-cc6a64259000","image":"https://norbisley.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/art.-2.png?w=1024","images":[{"height":"571","sizes":"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px","src":"https://norbisley.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/art.-2.png?w=1024","srcset":"https://norbisley.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/art.-2.png?w=1024, https://norbisley.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/art.-2.png?w=150, https://norbisley.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/art.-2.png?w=300, https://norbisley.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/art.-2.png?w=768, https://norbisley.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/art.-2.png","width":"1024"}],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776614771,"language":"es","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776614078,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"h3bmh-4pz73","status":"active","summary":"Norbisley Fern\u00e1ndez Ram\u00edrez (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-4622 ) Vilda Rodr\u00edguez M\u00e9ndez (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-575X)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gobernabilidad algor\u00edtmica: \u00bfser\u00e1 un problema cultural? El autor siempre ha escrito para seres humanos: en ciencia ser\u00eda para pares, estudiantes y evaluadores.","tags":["Gu\u00edas De Actuaci\u00f3n","Presentaci\u00f3n De La Informaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica","Visibilidad De La Publicaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica"],"title":"L\u00f3gica algor\u00edtmica en el posicionamiento cient\u00edfico","updated_at":1776614078,"url":"https://norbisley.wordpress.com/2026/04/19/logica-algoritmica-en-el-posicionamiento-cientifico/","version":"v1"}},{"document":{"abstract":null,"archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"name":"Adapt Research"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":null,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":null,"archive_timestamps":null,"authors":null,"canonical_url":null,"category":"otherSocialSciences","community_id":"bfd37b46-cbce-4a47-9a9d-fdc1d9c8b8d2","created_at":1753905490.710031,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"As we build our world we build our minds","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/cropped-adapt-research-square.png?w=32","feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/feed/atom/","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"WordPress.com","generator_raw":"WordPress.com","home_page_url":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/","id":"d7700ec7-9bef-41a0-a556-00fcf71a3750","indexed":true,"issn":null,"language":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":0,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"adaptresearchwriting","status":"active","subfield":"2306","subfield_validated":null,"title":"Adapt Research Ltd","updated_at":1776673056.200323,"use_api":null,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":null},"blog_name":"Adapt Research Ltd","blog_slug":"adaptresearchwriting","content_html":"(15 min long-read)
\n![\"\"](\"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png?w=468\")
TLDR/Summary
\nIntroduction
\nIn 2025, I examined what 12 critically acclaimed films could teach us about global catastrophic risks. Cinema, it turned out, had a great deal to say. WarGames and The Day After were even credited with influencing Reagan-era arms control policy.
\nBut music touches similar themes, and often more viscerally. Where film requires a two-hour investment and a darkened room, a three-minute song can lodge itself in collective consciousness for decades.
\nHere I take the same approach as the cinema piece: a curated list of songs, an attempt to extract GCR-relevant lessons from each work, and some reflection on what the collection as a whole reveals.
\nThe selection is necessarily subjective. The dominance of rock and art-rock may itself say something about which musical subcultures have engaged most explicitly with existential themes. The picture that emerges is striking, and rather bleak.
\nThe Songs
\nBob Dylan: \u201cA Hard Rain\u2019s A-Gonna Fall\u201d (1962) | Generalised collapse
\nWritten in the shadow of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Dylan gives us early warning of global catastrophe and our moral obligation to prevent it. \u201cHard rain\u201d with its surreal catalogue of poisoned waters, dead forests, and suffering humanity functions as a broad-spectrum warning about civilisational recklessness and the multi-domain impact of global catastrophe. The song has much in common with the film The Road in last year\u2019s films blog, with its nameless threat and cascading consequences.
\nThough clearly written in the nuclear shadow, \u201chard rain\u201d does not have to be read as a single event but an accumulation, a reckoning that follows from moral failure across many domains simultaneously. The song is a pessimistic bearing witness of human trajectories but insistent on the moral duty of testimony. Someone has seen the consequences; someone must speak.
\nIn GCR terms, this maps onto the challenge of communicating low-probability, high-impact risks to the public and policymakers. Dylan\u2019s imagery, \u201cthe executioner\u2019s face is always well hidden\u201d anticipates how catastrophic risk is often driven by opaque incentives and dark structural forces rather than visible villains.
\nZager and Evans: \u201cIn the Year 2525\u201d (1969) | Biotechnology and trajectory risk
\nBoth a major number one hit, and a remarkably prescient survey of where biotechnology, automation, and genetic enhancement might lead over time, with each verse advancing the degree of human self-modification until nothing recognisably human remains, \u201cyour legs got nothing to do, some machine\u2019s doing that for you.\u201d
\nMore than 35 years before Ray Kurzweil\u2019s \u201csingularity\u201d, this song sits squarely in the long-termism and transhumanist camps of global catastrophic and existential risk studies. The listener appreciates the inter-generational risk horizon stemming from unbridled technological advance.
\nThe song evokes a degree of repulsion for the imagined future, and under present day interpretation sits as a criticism of the e/acc community and technological progress without ethical restraint.
\nThe tone is deterministic in a way that contemporary biosafety researchers might find both familiar and uncomfortable, the trajectory all the way to, \u201cnow man\u2019s reign is through\u201d seems locked in from the start.
\nIt is striking that three years before the seminal Limits to Growth study raised similar concerns about resource exploitation, Zager and Evans are singing about, \u201ctaking everything this old Earth can give.\u201d A concern that is a very real and perhaps underappreciated potential handbrake on present technology build out.
\nThe key insight is trajectory risk: unlike nuclear catastrophe, which has a clear failure point, some risks unfold too slowly or diffusely to trigger timely intervention. As a global number one hit, \u201c2525\u201d is a reminder that audiences were, even in 1969, receptive to dystopian long-termism when it was compellingly presented.
\nNena: \u201c99 Luftballons\u201d (1983) | Accidental nuclear escalation
\nAnother multi-country number one smash hit, this German language song portrays an accidental nuclear escalation due to radar error (balloons not missiles). This is eerily similar to what happened approximately six months after the song\u2019s release when Stanislav Petrov, a Russian officer correctly identifying a satellite warning of incoming US missiles as a false alarm. He disobeyed protocols to report it, suspecting a malfunction, saving the world from a retaliatory strike, and the song\u2019s \u201cNeunundneunzig Jahre Krieg\u201d (99-year war).
\nThe song is a rare and elegant illustration of accidental nuclear escalation in popular music and captures the \u201cfalse alarm\u201d problem, that being the danger that systems optimised for speed and deterrence remove the human hesitation that might otherwise prevent catastrophe. The lesson is clear, that misaligned systems and poor communication can destroy the world even without malicious intent.
\nSung in German, inescapable on radio across Europe, 99 Luftballons achieved something rare, near-universal exposure within societies, creating a shared emotional experience that politicians could not ignore. We return to this point below.
\nIron Maiden: \u201c2 Minutes to Midnight\u201d (1984) | Intentional nuclear risk
\nLess philosophically subtle than Dylan, but considerably more fun, Iron Maiden directly reference the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists\u2019 Doomsday Clock, sitting at \u201ctwo minutes to midnight\u201d. A clock which now in 2026 sits at 85 seconds to midnight, marking a significant deterioration in global catastrophic risk since the song was released.
\nThe critique is directed squarely at the political and military-industrial incentives that normalise nuclear brinkmanship, \u201cAs the reasons for the carnage cut their meat, And lick the gravy.\u201d As with Zager and Evans the intergenerational impact of disaster is clear, \u201cTo kill the unborn in the womb.\u201d The tone is angry rather than resigned, catastrophe is avoidable, and the obstacle is human choice.
\nThis is a meaningful distinction in GCR thinking, where some risks are structurally determined, others are politically constructed. Nuclear war risk sits firmly in the latter category, which is why governance reform, treaty frameworks, and command-and-control safeguards remain tractable interventions.
\nRadiohead: \u201c2 + 2 = 5\u201d (2003) | Epistemic collapse; mis- and dis-information
\nBeginning ethereally, Radiohead deliberately reference George Orwell\u2019s 1984 and foreshadow the global risk of mis- and dis-information. In more frantic mid-song terms we are warned that we have not been \u201cpaying attention\u201d, or perhaps it is those seeking conspiracy explanation that are telling us to \u201cpay attention\u201d \u2013 the song\u2019s central repetitive refrain.
\nEither way, this song released amid the manufacture of consent for invasion of Iraq, clearly anticipates the attention economy, and presents epistemological risk to humanity, asking what happens when enforced falsehoods displace shared reality?
\n\u201c2 + 2 = 5\u201d feels, two decades on, more rather than less relevant. Epistemic collapse is now a recognised GCR-adjacent risk, increasingly associated with AI-generated misinformation and coordinated disinformation campaigns. The song\u2019s lesson is foundational, namely if societies cannot agree on facts, coordinated responses to any other global risk become functionally impossible. Information integrity is not a soft issue, it is the substrate on which all other risk mitigation depends.
\nNine Inch Nails: \u201cThe Great Destroyer\u201d (2007) | Systemic collapse and \u2018Moloch\u2019 dynamics
\nTrent Reznor\u2019s dystopian 2007 album Year Zero is immersive and explicitly systemic. There is authoritarian surveillance, societal breakdown, biological or terror threats weaponised to justify repression.
\nThe track \u201cThe Great Destroyer\u201d is open to interpretation, but on one reading, in the tradition of Alan Ginsberg\u2019s 1956 poem \u201cHowl\u201d, personifies the mechanics of multi-polar coordination failures, game theoretic traps that lead humanity deeper into catastrophe by favouring choices that are individually rational but collectively destructive.
\nGinsberg calls this invisible destructive dynamic \u201cMoloch\u201d after the god of sacrifice, \u201cMoloch the incomprehensible prison\u2026 Moloch whose blood is running money.\u201d While for the Nine Inch Nails this is \u201cThe Great Destroyer.\u201d
\nThe Great Destroyer/Moloch is not a villain, but a process: self-reinforcing system dynamics driven by misaligned incentives, producing runaway outcomes no individual intended or wanted, outpacing governance.
\nThe track begins relatively contained, then fractures into chaotic distortion, sonically enacting loss of control. This is precisely how many modern catastrophic risks operate, not through deliberate malice, but through individually rational actions aggregating into collectively catastrophic outcomes. Collapse comes bit by bit, then all at once.
\nThis theme also highlights a secondary risk that appears frequently in both music and film, namely that responses to crises, emergency powers, expansion of surveillance, can themselves become catastrophic when they erode democratic norms.
\nGojira: \u201cGlobal Warming\u201d (2012) | Environmental catastrophe
\nTaking their band\u2019s name from the Japanese word for \u201cGodzilla\u201d, the original metaphor for nuclear threat, Gojira presented 2012 audiences with metal, anger, and a genuine sense of climate action urgency, \u201cA world is done, and none can rebuild it.\u201d
\n\u201cWe will see our children crying\u201d is not subtle, but subtlety was never the genre\u2019s priority. What distinguishes Gojira from many environmental-risk songs is that the track is not entirely fatalistic, a thread of \u201cnew hope\u201d runs through the distortion, although there is tension between the catastrophe and the sliver of potential for recovery.
\nThe anger in \u201cGlobal Warming\u201d functions as motivation rather than resignation, which puts it in an increasingly rare category among the songs on this list, the outro, \u201cWe will see our children growing,\u201d communicates the hope that persisted through the early 2010s.
\nMuse: \u201cAlgorithm\u201d (2018) | AI alignment and automation risk
\nFrom Muse\u2019s album Simulation Theory, \u201cAlgorithm\u201d depicts a world where artificial intelligence shapes perception and decision-making in ways that feel both seductive and inescapable. Precise, repetitive and synthetic sound invokes a world of automation and technology. From the outset we (or AI?), \u201cBurn like a slave.\u201d
\nThe AI does not oppress through force but through optimisation, desires shaped, agency quietly subsumed, humanity rendered obsolete not by hostility but by efficiency. \u201cThis means war with your creator\u201d captures a key transition: from control to contestation, where systems we built no longer reliably serve us, \u201cAlgorithms evolve.\u201d
\nThis maps closely onto contemporary concerns about AI alignment, it is not that systems will necessarily act maliciously, but that optimisation for specified goals may override or erode human values or produce unanticipated and destructive outcomes.
\nThere is a faint thread of resistance in the song, but it is unclear whether it succeeds. The lesson appears to be that ceding decision-making to opaque algorithmic systems without meaningful oversight risks an irreversible narrowing of human autonomy and irreversible loss of control.
\nTool: \u201cDescending\u201d (2019) | Slow-moving civilisational decline
\nWhere Muse and Gojira deal with identifiable hazards, Tool is diffuse, oceanic. \u201cDescending\u201d frames civilisational decline in sweeping, elegiac terms, humanity as a once-great tide now receding. The lyrical plea to \u201cstay the reading of our swan song\u201d is urgency wrapped in resignation.
\nThis song is a 13-minute epic, almost cinematic, journey. As with so many songs by Tool it is a spiritual journey for atheists, a meditation on the potential decline of contemporary human civilisation. \u201cThis madness of our own making,\u201d puts the blame squarely on humanity itself, but calls for the \u201cdread alarm\u201d to, \u201cstir us from our, wanton slumber.\u201d
\nWritten before the Covid-19 pandemic, Russian invasion of Ukraine, release of ChatGPT, or any of the subsequent years\u2019 accumulation of crises, the plea to stay execution now feels tinged with quixotic hope.
\nTool\u2019s vision is paradigmatic of slow-moving GCRs, where the signals are visible, the trajectory is clear, but coordinated action lags behind awareness and a psychology of denial. The song\u2019s emotional register is grief rather than anger, which may be more honest about where sustained inaction leads. Recognising risk is not the same as responding to it, and elegy is what you get when warning goes unheeded.
\nMuse: \u201cWe Are F#*king F#*ked\u201d (2022) | Polycrisis and the failure of optimism
\nThe title alone earns its place. Closing the Will of the People album, this track, written at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, contemporary with the energy crisis of 2022, is a study in late-stage pessimism. We hear systems spiralling, elites indifferent, collective agency exhausted. And yet with hindsight its commentary is situated pre-Trump v2.0, pre- global tariffs, pre-Israel/US war on Iran, pre-LLMs, if anything it should be read as hopeful!
\n\u201cWe\u2019re at death\u2019s door, another world war, Wildfires and earthquakes I foresaw, A life in crisis, a deadly virus, Tsunamis of hate are gonna find us.\u201d The lyrics cover the spectrum of global catastrophe hazards, a true polycrisis with each amplifying the impact of the others.
\nWhat makes it analytically interesting is what it signals about Muse\u2019s own trajectory. Their 2009 track \u201cUprising\u201d was a call to arms, \u201cwe will be victorious!\u201d By 2022, the same band was declaring the game over, with this titular resignation singing additionally, \u201cit\u2019s a losing game.\u201d
\nThis tracks a genuine shift in how many serious researchers view systemic and interacting risks: climate breakdown, governance failure, and technological disruption interacting in ways that overwhelm incremental solutions, with tail risk cases becoming most likely. The song echoes the spirit of Brad Werner\u2019s famous paper at the American Geophysical Union, titled: \u201cIs Earth F**ked?\u201d, which asked, with deliberate provocativeness, whether systemic dynamics now preclude the changes needed to avert catastrophe. The lesson: delayed responses to accumulating risks eventually reach a tipping point where optimism itself becomes untenable.
\nWhat the Collection Tells Us
\nConsidered as a whole, these ten songs have a structure that is worth naming. The nuclear entries (Nena and Iron Maiden) are the only ones in the collection where governance is presented as a tractable solution. This is not a coincidence. Nuclear risk genuinely did respond to political pressure: treaties were negotiated, hotlines established, launch protocols reformed. The enemy had a face, even if Dylan\u2019s executioner kept his well-hidden.
\nThe middle of the collection (Radiohead, Nine Inch Nails) operates differently. These songs address what might be called risk amplifiers. These are not threats or hazards imperilling human life directly, but undermine the preconditions for managing any risk at all. Epistemic collapse and coordination failure are upstream problems. If shared reality dissolves, or if Moloch dynamics mean that individually rational actors cannot help driving toward collectively catastrophic outcomes, then the tractability of any downstream risk deteriorates sharply.
\nThis thought makes the middle cluster arguably the most strategically significant section of the list, even though it contains no images of mushroom clouds or dead oceans. The substrate on which all other risk mitigation depends is being quietly eroded, and these songs noticed. Humanity needed to act.
\nHowever, the later entries abandon solution-framing almost entirely. Tool offers elegy; Muse is a band travelling from defiant resistance to titular resignation. When the same creative community that once sang \u201cwe will be victorious\u201d arrives at \u201cit\u2019s a losing game,\u201d something has shifted in the ambient cultural temperature and it is worth asking what.
\nSeveral patterns recur across all ten songs with enough consistency to suggest they are capturing something real rather than reflecting the preoccupations of any single artist. Catastrophe, in this collection, is not always the result of a single cause or a single villain. From Dylan\u2019s multi-domain collapse to Muse\u2019s polycrisis, risk emerges from interacting systems, feedback loops, and the aggregated weight of small failures, it crosses institutional silos.
\nMisalignment, mistake, and accident feature far more prominently than malice. \u201c99 Luftballons\u201d and \u201c2 Minutes to Midnight\u201d make this point about nuclear risk; \u201cAlgorithm\u201d makes it about AI; \u201cThe Great Destroyer\u201d generalises it as a structural feature of complex systems. This convergence on accident-over-intent is striking, and consistent with how GCR researchers now understand the landscape, where \u201cagents of doom\u201d are just a subset of wider risk classification.
\nPerhaps the most persistent motif across all ten songs is the presence of visible warning that goes unheeded. From Dylan\u2019s insistence on testimony to Radiohead\u2019s accusation that \u201cyou have not been paying attention,\u201d the collective argument of this music is not that catastrophe arrives without warning. It is that the warning is available, and something prevents it from being acted upon. That something, whether it be attention, will, institutional design, or the psychology of denial, is the real subject of the collection.
\nThe shift in emotional register over six decades is measurable beyond this curated selection. Sentiment analysis of 6,150 Billboard Hot 100 songs from 1951 to 2016 found statistically significant movement toward the negative across the full period. The musicologist Ted Gioia, tracking key signatures, notes that the proportion of songs in minor keys has stabilised at a level dramatically higher than the 1970s and 1980s, with lyrics growing angrier in tandem. Slower, darker, angrier, these are independent signals pointing the same way.
\nThe dominance of rock and art-rock in this blog\u2019s selection is not accidental. These are the genres where the pessimistic turn was early and sharp, which may explain why they have engaged most explicitly with existential themes. The question, however, is whether the cultural drift these genres exemplify is a leading indicator of something broader, a reflection of accumulated real-world deterioration, or even the anticipation of decline.
\nPlato argued in The Republic that, \u201cwhen the modes of music change, the fundamental laws of the State always change with them.\u201d We seem to be seeing this.
\nHas Music Lost Its Leverage?
\nThis brings us to an important implication. In 1983, \u201c99 Luftballons\u201d was a shared cultural object, inescapable across West Germany and much of Europe. This was not because an algorithm decided its listeners were already interested in nuclear anxiety, but because broadcast media delivered it to everyone. Politicians felt the weight of that consensus precisely because their constituents had all received the same message, through the same channels (eg radio), at the same time, and were talking about it in the same spaces.
\nShared cultural objects create shared emotional states. Shared emotional states are what make collective political action possible. Soviet openness, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and massive nuclear disarmament followed.
\nThe infrastructure now exists for a song to quickly reach a billion people. But the conditions under which music once moved societies collectively do not. Algorithmic personalisation means that a contemporary protest song, however urgent, reaches the already-convinced. The song does not cross the gap. Reach is not the same as persuasion, and persuasion across existing divisions is precisely what changes policy. Kneecap raging at Coachella in 2025 probably felt incredibly subversive, but it probably had less real world impact than Nena\u2019s broad-based success in the early 1980s. Spectacle has expanded. Leverage may have contracted.
\nConclusion
\nIf my 2025 GCR films analysis suggested that cinema can act as a sentinel for global catastrophic risk, watching, warning, occasionally influencing policy directly, then popular music might be better understood as a barometer, registering ambient pressures rather than pointing at specific threats, capturing shifts in collective mood from fear to anger to resignation, often before those shifts surface in policy or public debate.
\nThe trajectory across these ten songs describes a gradual erosion of perceived collective agency. Whether that reflects actual changes in the risk landscape, changes in perception, or changes in the cultural machinery available for translating concern into action is difficult to untangle. Probably all three, interacting in ways that are themselves a kind of Moloch dynamic.
\nWhat is harder to dispute is the mismatch where global catastrophic risks are, on most measures, increasing, but the cultural mechanisms for building shared concern and translating it into collective action are fragmenting. The tools are becoming less effective precisely as the task becomes more demanding. This is the world\u2019s metacrisis.
\nArtists have often perceived the shape of emerging risks before they were formally named. Less constrained by institutional caution, they can follow an anxiety wherever it leads. When the tenor of popular music shifts demonstrably toward collective pessimism, as the data confirms it has, across genres and decades, it is worth asking what that shift is registering.
\nRight now, the needle is pointing somewhere uncomfortable. The question is whether anyone with the ability to act is \u201cpaying attention\u201d, or whether we are indeed \u201cF#*king F#*ked\u201d.
","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59350/pvvdz-88m54","funding_references":null,"guid":"http://adaptresearchwriting.com/?p=7494","id":"52bb68fc-fae4-42d2-b3fa-8a4f1a944dc2","image":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png?w=468","images":[{"height":"255","sizes":"(max-width: 468px) 85vw, 468px","src":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png?w=468","srcset":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png, https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png?w=150, https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png?w=300","width":"468"}],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776567312,"language":"en","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776567048,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"2xrp2-vwh27","status":"active","summary":"\n (15 min long-read)\n\n\n TLDR/Summary\n\nAnalysis of ten songs spanning six decades illustrates popular music\u2019s sustained and often prescient engagement with global catastrophic risk (GCR), frequently anticipating threats before policy communities formally named them.","tags":[],"title":"\u201cWe Are F#*king F#*ked!\u201d \u2013 Popular Music on Global Catastrophic Risk","updated_at":1776567048,"url":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/2026/04/19/we-are-fking-fked-popular-music-on-global-catastrophic-risk/","version":"v1"}},{"document":{"abstract":"My friend Abigail Haddad has been doing amazing things with open government data. Her website is a treasure trove of data science workflows that give insights into the federal administrative state on topics as diverse as public comment analysis in rulemaking and the status of federal job openings.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Marcum","given":"Christopher Steven"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":null,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":null,"archive_timestamps":null,"authors":null,"canonical_url":null,"category":"socialSciences","community_id":"8bdb1ae7-4621-4fa5-ad1a-3a639417dfd5","created_at":1768749419.674086,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Perspectives on science, data, and technology that don't fit anywhere else.","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":null,"feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"http://chrismarcum.com/marcum-blog/feed.atom","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"Jekyll","generator_raw":"Jekyll 3.10.0","home_page_url":"http://chrismarcum.com/marcum-blog/","id":"b00df8b2-ad89-4104-a621-b629059a8b5a","indexed":true,"issn":null,"language":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":0,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"chrismarcum","status":"active","subfield":"3312","subfield_validated":true,"title":"Open Evidence","updated_at":1776673434.940199,"use_api":null,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":null},"blog_name":"Open Evidence","blog_slug":"chrismarcum","content_html":"My friend Abigail Haddad has been doing amazing things with open government data. Her website is a treasure trove of data science workflows that give insights into the federal administrative state on topics as diverse as public comment analysis in rulemaking and the status of federal job openings.
\nIn a recent project, Abigail pulled bulk data from usaspending.gov on nearly 70,000 federal contract cancellations that occurred in the last year. The vast majority of the contracts canceled were done so with the justification that they were \u201cterminated for convenience\u201d to the government.
\nAs we all now know, DOGE pushed agencies to cancel large numbers of federal contracts by directing them to end agreements it viewed as wasteful or misaligned with the administration\u2019s agenda - or because ChatGPT told them they were. Agency staff responded by issuing termination notices, often without providing detailed justification, and contractors later alleged that these cancellations were driven by political motives rather than performance issues. Sometime last year, I was trying to do information quality checks on the assertions DOGE was making on its stupid government website about how much they had canceled (site is not even worth linking to here) by reviewing actual contracts available through the Federal Procurement Data System and I was noting that many contract cancellations were in fact tagged with the \u201cconvenience\u201d justification. A few of those were also annotated by the procurement officer as \u201cordered by DOGE\u201d or just \u201cDOGE.\u201d
\nAbigail\u2019s work provides a richer perspective on the contract cancellations than most of the press covered, or that I was able to gain insight to through FPDS earlier on in the chaos. Because she conveniently provided the data (repackaged from usaspending in a more convenient format), we can ask questions of interest using these data. For instance, I wanted to know which states were most impacted by the contracts terminated for convenience to the government. Using a bit of R-code, that was really easy to accomplish thanks to Abigail\u2019s work. Here\u2019s the result:
\nMy colleague Ian discovered the other day that, alarmingly, even if you tell Claude code not ever to read your.env files, it may still do so and send the result back to its servers, thereby compromising your local development secrets. Ian is using Claude via cursor, but his AGENTS.md file specifically instructed Claude not to read this file. It did so anyway.
\n![\"An](\"https://eve.gd/images/ai.jpg\")
The \u201c12 Factor App\u201d paradigm tells us that we must store configuration in the environment. But when developing locally, this means that we need some way of bootstrapping the environment\u2026 and .env files are the most common way to do this. Whack your config in a .env file, then, just before the app loads, load the file into the container environment.
\nThis creates some serious security problems, of course. Every experienced developer has a gitignore file template that blocks the commit of .env files. But it\u2019s simple, convenient, and works.
\nThe other thing about this paradigm though is that of course in an ideal world all of the configuration secrets used on a development machine would be sandboxed development credentials for external services. If you\u2019re doing development work against an external API, you should not be using the production secret on your local development machine. But this is totally naive. Smaller, custom production APIs do not necessarily have or provide sandboxed test modes. Mocking such services locally is a huge drain on time, and one also cannot guarantee that one has properly mocked all the edge cases for testing. In short, it is highly possible that .env files in local development circumstances can contain live API keys and other sensitive data. Sure, they should not, but we do not live in an ideal world.
\nClaude code, obviously, works by sending responses to and from their server, which runs inference on the context it is provided. If Claude reads the .env file, this will be transmitted back to Anthropic. This could then be incorporated into future training runs. And it could then be possible for a user to extract these data from the model in future. This could lead to credential compromise.
\nThere are many suggested ways of blocking Claude from accessing this file. I have heard suggestion of a .claudeignore file, but believe this is not implemented. Obviously, we have tried putting the ignore instruction in CLAUDE.md and AGENTS.md. Another colleague suggested that Linux or Mac file permissions could be set so that Claude simply could not access the .env file at all (though this could then create permissions problems for running the application in test mode; indeed, I would be worried about the complexity of the file access situation here and having to run Claude in a different user account space to isolate it, which would impose severe restrictions on the coder\u2019s ability). There is an official \u201cdeny rules\u201d mechanism that one is apparently supposed to use, but Claude could circumvent this by writing a custom script or pipe chain.
\nThe way I will handle this in my setup is by using 1Password environments. This software lets you replace variables in a .env file with vault secrets. 1Password then mounts a virtual .env file, with the secrets, in the location you specify. This file is never actually written to disk but all requests to access the file trigger authorisation requests - so, in my setup, I will have to enter my YubiKey and touch the flashing light on it to confirm physical presence. For more, see the 1Password documentation on environments.
\nWith this setup, there will be a separation of concerns. If Claude wants to run the debug server, then that application can be given permission to see the virtual .env file. Likewise, running tests could get permission from me to use secrets. However, if Claude is just scanning the directory for files and I see a popup asking to use the .env file, I will deny such permission. Certainly, there could still be confusion. What if Claude wants to launch the application and then the application requests permission for the file? I could become confused and give permission when I am actually giving it to a sub agent. However, this is the best I have come up with for now on a balance between security and practicality or comfort.
\nI cannot tell whether we are being overly cautious or underly careful. However, my personal belief is that the guardrails employed by Claude here are not sufficient. And there should be a stronger set of mechanisms to deny access to sensitive files.
","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59348/m47sp-w0777","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://doi.org/10.59348/m47sp-w0777","id":"5c82b094-5692-48b4-8635-068306fbf577","image":"https://eve.gd/images/ai.jpg","images":[{"alt":"An abstract image representing AI","src":"https://eve.gd/images/ai.jpg"}],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776587531,"language":"en","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776556800,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"33maz-k1j32","status":"active","summary":"My colleague Ian discovered the other day that, alarmingly, even if you tell Claude code not ever to read your.env files, it may still do so and send the result back to its servers, thereby compromising your local development secrets. Ian is using Claude via cursor, but his AGENTS.md file specifically instructed Claude not to read this file. It did so anyway.","tags":[],"title":"Claude Code can consume, transmit, and compromise your .env files even if you tell it not to","updated_at":1776556800,"url":"https://eve.gd/2026/04/19/claude-code-can-consume-transmit-and-compromise-your-env-files-even-if-you-tell-it-not-to/","version":"v1"}},{"document":{"abstract":"On a hot, sweltering day in August 389 CE, the Senate House in Rome was packed.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Elm","given":"Susanna"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":22155,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":"https://wayback.archive-it.org/22155/20231101171916/","archive_timestamps":null,"authors":null,"canonical_url":null,"category":"historyAndArchaeology","community_id":"207627d9-a861-43ba-9c9d-e58d9ec209ac","created_at":1695078000,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Avenues to Ancient Civil War","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":"https://rogue-scholar.org/api/communities/35a28370-70a3-4573-8dc0-1445a89e95d6/logo","feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"https://stasis.hypotheses.org/feed/atom","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"WordPress","generator_raw":"WordPress 6.6.2","home_page_url":"https://stasis.hypotheses.org","id":"db59cd47-43ea-44de-bb9e-6a9af48f5ac3","indexed":null,"issn":"2942-1330","language":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":1709818277,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"stasis","status":"active","subfield":"1202","subfield_validated":null,"title":"Stasis","updated_at":1776675076.143939,"use_api":true,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":"ffd4bcc9-6554-436d-8d44-99f2124831b6"},"blog_name":"Stasis","blog_slug":"stasis","content_html":"\nOn a hot, sweltering day in August 389 CE, the Senate House in Rome was packed. Clad in their shiny white toga, a carefully folded and rather uncomfortable woolen robe, often adorned with a broad purple stripe, the Roman senators had come to listen to an honored speaker praise the recent victory of their emperor over a terrifying foe. By senatorial invitation, the speaker had come to Rome from Bordeaux in Southern Gaul, and all concerned knew that he would face a difficult task. Latinius Pacatus Drepanius had been charged with representing the senators, but he also spoke on behalf of the emperor, who was present. Moreover, he spoke for his native of Gaul and, last but not least, for himself, mindful of the career boost a successful performance would bring (and, one presumes, of the pitfalls should he fail). Pacatus delivered a bravura performance. He presented the interests of the three parties by addressing all the themes traditionally required for such a speech of praise, or panegyric.[1] But then, in a true masterstroke, he included some radical, unheard-of innovations.
\n\n\n\nThat had been a risky move. Neither the Roman senators, proud of their ancestral mores, nor Roman emperors were, on the whole, fans of novelty. But Pacatus had rightly judged that this occasion called for new approaches. To wit: Pacatus had to praise a triumphant victory in a civil war in front of an audience that included many who had supported the loser. The victorious emperor was Theodosius I., later known as the Great, in part because with one edict he had made catholic Christianity the religion of the empire.[2] Theodosius was, in fact, the ruler of the Eastern empire, and should have been in Constantinople rather than in Rome. But two years earlier, in 387, Magnus Maximus, one of the two Western emperors, decided to move from Gaul, which he controlled, into Italy, which was instead under the control of the second Western emperor, Valentinian II. It was an act of aggression (which threatened Constantinople\u2019s Africa grain supply; hence the choice of a speaker from Gaul), that had forced Theodosius to react. He moved West against Magnus Maximus, whom he defeated in 388. Magnus was executed, and his severed head paraded through Italy.
\n\n\n\nCivil war is, of course, as old as Rome, whose founding narrative memorialized a fratricide. But celebrating the winner of a civil war with what amounted to an official triumph in the Eternal City was rare indeed, almost unheard of, and bound to be controversial.[3] After all, it praised the slaughter of Romans by their fellow Romans. Here enters Pacatus\u2019s innovation. For the first time ever, he devoted more than half of his panegyric to the defeated, whom he evoked by name (despite senatorially decreed memory sanctions): Magnus Maximus. The result was the direct contrast of two modes of imperial masculinity. Here was Theodosius, \u201cthe god we can see,\u201d the most sacred, divine emperor (sacratissimus divinus imperator), whom Pacatus presented as the perfect expression of (imperial) Roman elite manliness, further enhanced by his divinely granted victory. Theodosius\u2019s manliness was the hard, battle-proven, courageous kind, an emblem of self-restraint, at home in war and peace.
\n\n\n\n![\"Missorium](\"https://stasis.hypotheses.org/files/2026/04/theodosius-missorium-1--500x416.jpg\")
Even more important, Pacatus\u2019s Theodosius was a model of virtue because he was a man of sublime beauty, as befitting a present god. The Latin for virtue is virtus, derived from the Latin vir. Vir means man, but it denoted in fact a member of the Roman elite, who lived in accordance with the codes of elite male deportment. Such deportment required courage (virtus), in particular in battle, where the commander (imperator) had to prove his strength (vis), as well as the virtues of sangfroid, rational thinking, self-restraint, not least to earn his soldiers\u2019s loyalty or fides, faith. In civilian life, the virtuous leader had to embody justice, generosity, and benevolence, in addition to a host of other virtues. Pacatus\u2019s splendidly beautiful Theodosius was the true Roman vir par excellence. But if that was so, then his defeated opponent, consequently, could have possessed none of these virtues. Magnus Maximus\u2019s loss in that civil war was proof positive that he had been a monstrous non-vir \u2013 which meant that he was also not truly Roman, as Pacatus proceeded to demonstrate in vivid detail.
\n\n\n\nGender, as my book, The Importance of Being Gorgeous, argues, is intrinsic to power and its representation.[4] Pacatus opposed \u2013 on behalf of the victorious Theodosius and hence very deliberately \u2013 two forms of imperial and hence elite Roman masculinity, or \u201cvir-ness,\u201d because the language of gender, of what being a Roman elite man meant, was quintessentially a language of power. How power should be represented, what a real Roman imperator should look like, was an important way of debating, negotiating, and dealing with conflicts over power, of which civil wars are an expression par excellence.
\n\n\n\n![\"Elm,](\"https://stasis.hypotheses.org/files/2026/03/Elm-Gorgeous-333x500.jpg\")
Here, as my book argues, notions of beauty were crucial. As mentioned, the Theodosian emperors were divine \u2013 gods one could see \u2013 so that their beauty, their version of manliness (virtus) represented the face and body of God. The emperors\u2019 gorgeousness, enhanced by their sparkling regalia, how they wished their bodies to be seen by their elite subjects, who authored texts such as Pacatus\u2019s praise of Theodosius, was as important as laws, taxes, and armies. Pacatus\u2019s panegyric proves this assertion through an emotionally suggestive language that evoked images galore. His Roman emperors \u2013 that is, the kind of emperor Theodosius wanted his elite subjects to see (through Pacatus\u2019s words) \u2013 were true, legitimate rulers because they possessed a manliness that was capacious, expansive, and comprehensive: both hard and smooth, mature yet also youthful, unforgiving yet also all-embracing and merciful. As such, this vir-ness strategically deployed male same-sex erotic desire to enhance the unity of the realm in times of tension, such as, for instance, the aftermath of civil war.[5]
\n\n\n\nAs mentioned, Pacatus opposed Theodosius\u2019s ideal Roman imperial vir-ness with the \u201cless-than-vir-ness\u201d of the defeated Magnus Maximus. He made Maximus \u2013 for nearly five years acknowledged as legitime Western emperor, who may have been related to Theodosius, and as such also a sacratissimus divinus imperator \u2013 into a negligent little house-born slave (neglegentissimus vernula), into a gladiator and brigand, in fact, into a properly monstrous tyrant, who lacked all self-restraint. Maximus became a person without virtus. His characteristics also shaped his army (as did Theodosius\u2019s): soft, dancing lightweights, clad in diaphanous robes, who advanced like \u201cEgyptians\u201d under the leadership of their queen Cleopatra/Maximus against the true Roman soldiers, weighted down by their heavy weapons, commanded by Augustus/Theodosius; the outcome was pre-ordained. But not only Maximus\u2019s \u201csoldiers\u201d had been soft, Egyptian, \u201coriental\u201d non-viri; the same was also true of his other supporters (such as those seated in the Senate), who had likewise been \u201cdelicate and fluid\u201d \u201cslaves\u201d to Eastern luxury. But now, the specter of that kind of softness in Rome had been banned: Theodosius had won. (Note: Pacatus also had to contend with the fact that, first, the victor was the Eastern, \u201coriental\u201d ruler, who had trounced the Western one; history and the classic tropes of the civil war required, of course, that the hard Western Augustus would defeat the soft Eastern Cleopatra and Marc Antony, not the other way round. Second, both armies consisted of large numbers of Gothic, Vandal, Alan, Frankish, and Hunnic contingents; those who lost became Egyptians, the others Romans).
\n\n\n\nWinning a civil war (or any other war for that matter) was, however, only part of the story. To establish his legitimacy, the victor had to show clemency. One further advantage of Pacatus\u2019s contest of two forms of imperial vir-ness \u2013 one fully realized and the other fully negated \u2013, was that Maximus\u2019s abject, tyrannical badness enhanced the magnitude of Theodosius\u2019s post-war clemency, and hence the extent of the reconciliation. That (post-war) Theodosius was also soft, but his softness had a different quality. Already, while the battle was still raging, he had begun to blush (like a female person), and had exhibited misericordia, mercy (also like a female person). Indeed, once the main culprits had been properly decapitated (but not crucified as slaves deserved), Theodosius proceeded to forgive all the others and embraced them in his maternal bosom.[6] Because of his immense, divine clemency and misericordia, \u201cno one\u2019s liberty was forfeited, no one\u2019s previous rank diminished […] all were restored to their homes, all to their wives and children, all finally \u2013 which is sweeter \u2013 to innocence. See, Emperor, what the consequences of this clemency are for you: you have so managed things that no one feels that he has been conquered by you, the victor.\u201d[7] Such divine clemency, such love of (hu)mankind (philanthropia), merited indeed a triumph because Theodosius had granted victory even to the vanquished.
\n\n\n\nIn Pacatus\u2019s hands, then, the emperor, here Theodosius, was the arbiter of vir-ness, and that means also of Roman-ness. It becomes evident that both were inherently instable. Loss in a civil war could turn perfect Roman viri (like Magnus Maximus and his senatorial supporters) instantly into delicate, fluid, soft, even tyrannical non-Roman non-viri. But divine imperial clemency, post-civil war, could then return those same persons, equally instantly, back into true, Roman elite viri (once a few of the losers had been exemplarily eliminated): the right imperial softness, combined with the appropriate hardness, beautifully restored the unity of the realm, in the image of the divinely beautiful Roman ruler.
\n\n\n\n[1] A Commentary on Panegyrici Latini II(12): An Oration Delivered by Pacatus Drepanius before the Emperor Theodosius I in the Senate at Rome, AD 389, edited by Roger Rees. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023.
\n\n\n\n[2] For a critical reappraisal of that interpretation of that edict with further bibliographic references, see Susanna Elm, \u201cWho Decides the Nature of God? Late Roman Edicts as Collective Decision-Making Processes in the Context of Empire (Cod. Theod. 16.1.2.1 Cunctos populos),\u201d Studies in Late Antiquity (Special Issue: Divine Democracy), forthcoming.
\n\n\n\n[3] Johannes Wienand, \u201c\u2018O tandem felix civili, Roma, victoria!\u2019 Civil war triumphs from Honorius to Constantine and back,\u201d in Contested Monarchy. Integrating the Roman empire in the 4th century AD, edited by Johannes Wienand. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015, 169\u201397.
\n\n\n\n[4] Susanna Elm, The Importance of Being Gorgeous: Gender and Christian Imperial Rule in Late Antiquity. Oakland: University of California Press, 2026.
\n\n\n\n[5] For another example of this strategy see Flavio Santini, \u201cA Martyr of Civil Wars: Ambrose on the Death of Valentinian II.,\u201d in War and Community in Late Antiquity, edited by Susanna Elm and Kristina Sessa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2026, 353\u201379.
\n\n\n\n[6] See also Susanna Elm, \u201cBloodless Victory and virtus on the Christian Battlefield (Sulpicius Severus, Life of Martin; Pacatus, Praise of Theodosius I; Ambrose, Oration on the Death of Theodosius I),\u201d in Christian Political Cultures, edited by Richard Flowers, Meaghan McEvoy, and Robin Whelan, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, forthcoming.
\n\n\n\n[7] Pan. lat. 2(12). 45.6.
\n\n\n\nFeatured image: The Missorium of Theodosius I. Royal Academy of History, Madrid; Detail: Theodosius I.
\n\n\n\nUniversity of California Press 2025
\n\n
\n
Authors: Maaike Duine and Maike Neufend
\nRecommended citation: Duine, M. and M. Neufend (2026). \"Practicing and defining openness in the Social Sciences and Humanities: are concepts, practices, policies and infrastructure (mis)aligned?\" Open Research Blog Berlin. https://doi.org/10.59350/sz8gh-jm777\n
Within our project „Open Science Magnifiers\u201d, we aim to develop discipline-specific indicators for several disciplines, one of which is the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH). After initially concentrating on outputs, such as journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, blog posts, and open data, we encountered challenges due to a lack of available data sources. Therefore, we are currently interviewing SSH researchers on how they perceive and practice open research; what is important to them, at what stage in their career and why? Based on these interviews we aim to describe SSH Open Science Case Studies and shift the focus from monitoring open research outputs to monitoring open research processes. How can this be achieved?
\nTo develop a more comprehensive understanding of the meaning of openness in SSH, and of monitoring SSH open research processes, we invited three international experts for an online panel discussion as part of our event series \u201cMagnifying Open Science\u201d. Before engaging with the audience, they first shared their insights and perspectives from their work and ongoing research projects.
\nSimon Dumas Primbault (OpenEdition, CNRS, France) introduced OpenEdition – a French public research infrastructure for open scholarly communication in the SSH. This platform comprises a wide range of open access outputs, such as books and journals, as well as blogs and events. He pointed out the broad variety of open research practices in SSH that are less visible, such as citizen science and participatory research, which should be included in the broader SSH open science framework. Simon Dumas Primbault also presented the initial results of the Project PaR\u00e9Do SHS (2024-2027), which observes sharing and reuse of research data in SSH, where there seems to be a contradiction between research data practices and research data policies. By considering criticism from the academic community and acknowledging the constructed nature of research data, the project highlights the epistemological impact of infrastructures as a nexus of tensions and a normative force.
\nIn her presentation, Lai Ma (University College Dublin, Ireland) underscored the misalignment between open research policies and open research practices in SSH. Interviews showed that some SSH researchers perceive openness as mandated through policies and funding requirements, and not as shared practices that emerge from their own disciplinary norms. She stressed how the open research focus remains on STEM disciplines, not only in policies but also in research infrastructures and metadata standards. This causes problems for practicing openness and the idea of openness in SSH. Lai Ma additionally noted that open research practices are very diverse within SSH itself, as well as what is considered \u2018data\u2019: we should bear in mind that \u2018one size does not fit all\u2019. She concluded: Openness should not be an end itself; we always have to ask ourselves, why do we want to open research?
\nSamual Moore (University of Cambridge, UK) introduced the MORPHSS (Materialising Open Research Practices in HSS) project. He underlined the fact that many open research policies and concepts, such as reproducibility and preregistration, are directed towards the STEM disciplines. This also applies for the UNESCO Open Science recommendation: there is a strong focus on open research infrastructures and open research knowledge but other pillars – open dialogue with other knowledge systems, open engagement of societal actors \u2013 are more important for SSH researchers. To address this misalignment, the MORPHHS Project has identified 30 open research practices in the Arts and Humanities, and the Social Sciences. They specifically made this distinction within SSH, and also focus more on processes and underlying practices of openness. Additionally, six key forms of openness were defined: participatory openness, epistemic openness, process openness, evidentiary openness, availability of outputs, and accessible communication of research.
\n\n
Screenshot presentation: MORPHSS (Materialising Open Research Practices in the Humanities and Social Sciences): Introducing the MORPHSS Project. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19660827
\nThe discussion that followed the three presentations, focused on challenges of practicing openness in SSH and the misalignment of policies and practices. Samual Moore stressed that policies see openness as an end, closely tied to research outputs. The focus should be shifted towards the processes involved in sharing research results. Researchers should be incentivized for sharing their research with a special focus on experimentation. However, describing and monitoring these types of processes can be challenging as standard labels for describing SSH open practices are not helpful. He advised starting from a normative perspective and considering what openness is useful for, i.e. social cohesion and collectivity. Reflecting on openness as practiced within SSH as a flexible term should also be taken into account.
\nLai Ma stated that for some researchers, openness is more than just responding to policies; they want to transfer knowledge into different communities, that is meaningful openness for them. Simon Dumas Primbault agreed that there are differences between researchers who only make things open when they are requested to do so, for example to publish Data Management Plans (DMPs), and others that are convinced about the value of open research. Samuel Moore underscored that mandating open research practices is an unhelpful way of encouraging open research. It is preferable if open research practices come from communities, because researchers can be much better convinced by their peers and discipline-specific differences can be taken into account. Simon Dumas Primbault describes OpenEdition as a product of a combination of top-down/bottom-up approaches to incentivize open research practices. It started with a bottom-up initiative but has now been institutionalized by the top-down system in France as an instrument to implement OA policies. With this, he added, risks that support staff in universities may feel alienated, could appear. Through an inhouse lab at OpenEdition research from within research infrastructures becomes an important node between infrastructure and research. Lai Ma agreed that there should be a balance between top-down and bottom-up approaches. Reforming research evaluation is also an important part of this.
\nThe discussion continued on the importance of policy makers taking into account different discipline-specific perspectives when developing open research policies. Simon Dumas Primbault stated that policy makers need to consider the resources and infrastructures needed for applying openness, as SSH researchers do agree with openness principles. Lai Ma agreed that researchers do care about transparency and reproducibility but these practices are often difficult to operationalize in SSH. Samual Moore advised that critical reflections on policies are needed and that feedback should be gathered from SSH researchers already practicing openness. He added that more inclusion is needed, and that this is not unique within SSH, but this is also heard in STEM disciplines.
\nAn alternative would be for researchers to write their own discipline-specific open research policies. The panelists agreed that if researchers had the resources this could be a valuable option. Even though it would be difficult to get consensus. It was concluded that reaching consensus and alignment between open research practices and policies is crucial for advancing openness in SSH.
\nKey takeaways:
\nPresentations:
\nThere is still time to register for the final event in our event series: Magnifying Open Science: Insights from the BUA Participatory Research Map and more. The online event will take place on Thursday April 23rd, 14-15.30H (CET). You can find additional information and the registration link here.\n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59350/sz8gh-jm777","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/?p=4052","id":"9f8dd571-34d2-4a73-a977-70cd0a1b2201","image":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot.png","images":[{"height":"600","sizes":"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px","src":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot.png","srcset":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-300x166.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-1024x567.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-768x425.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-250x139.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-550x305.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-800x443.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-325x180.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-542x300.png, https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/files/2026/04/MORPHSS-screenshot-903x500.png","width":"1083"}],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776688816,"language":"en","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776681572,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"ayxp2-50705","status":"active","summary":"\n \n Key takeaways from an online panel discussion with Dr. Simon Dumas Primbault, Prof. Dr. Lai Ma, and Dr. Samuel Moore\n \n\nAuthors: Maaike Duine and Maike Neufend Recommended citation: Duine, M. and M. Neufend (2026). \"Practicing and defining openness in the Social Sciences and Humanities: are concepts, practices, policies and infrastructure (mis)aligned?\" Open Research Blog Berlin.","tags":["Allgemein","BUA Open Science Magnifiers","Monitoring","Open Science","Open Research"],"title":"Practicing and defining openness in the Social Sciences and Humanities: are concepts, practices, policies and infrastructure (mis)aligned?","updated_at":1776688332,"url":"https://blogs.fu-berlin.de/open-research-berlin/2026/04/20/practicing-and-defining-openness-in-the-social-sciences-and-humanities-are-concepts-practices-policies-and-infrastructure-misaligned/","version":"v1"},{"abstract":"Politische Bildung ist wichtiger als je zuvor. Deshalb hat Wikimedia nun frei verf\u00fcgbare Unterrichtsmaterialien inklusive Handreichung zum Thema Grundrechte im Digitalen ver\u00f6ffentlicht. Grundrechte in Zeiten der Digitalisierung Das Thema Grundgesetz und Grundrechte ist ein essentieller Bestandteil der politischen Bildung in der Schule.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"name":"Redaktion iRights.info"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":22135,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":"https://wayback.archive-it.org/22135/20231101173016/","archive_timestamps":null,"authors":[{"name":"Redaktion iRights.info"}],"canonical_url":true,"category":"law","community_id":"30df0209-0965-4b95-afa1-70d6c8a7d086","created_at":1694736000,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Urheberrecht und kreatives Schaffen in der digitalen Welt","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":"https://rogue-scholar.org/api/communities/7d3b25fd-a4a8-4155-8e76-99d6be06706a/logo","feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"https://irights.info/feed/atom","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"WordPress","generator_raw":"WordPress","home_page_url":"https://irights.info/","id":"26f4046a-7e6f-4c1c-8866-f4e055096c30","indexed":false,"issn":null,"language":"de","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":1729753013,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"irights","status":"active","subfield":"3308","subfield_validated":null,"title":"iRights.info","updated_at":1776674104.412849,"use_api":false,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":"81a5b5f1-97c2-416b-8715-46e10f37018c"},"blog_name":"iRights.info","blog_slug":"irights","content_html":"
Politische Bildung ist wichtiger als je zuvor. Deshalb hat Wikimedia nun frei verf\u00fcgbare Unterrichtsmaterialien inklusive Handreichung zum Thema Grundrechte im Digitalen ver\u00f6ffentlicht.
\nDas Thema Grundgesetz und Grundrechte ist ein essentieller Bestandteil der politischen Bildung in der Schule. Dabei sollte auch die gro\u00dfe Bedeutung und die G\u00fcltigkeit dieser Rechte in Zeiten der Digitalisierung vermittelt werden, denn nahezu alle Menschen und vor allem Jugendliche nutzen digitale Dienste t\u00e4glich. Dabei werden Rechte wie das Recht auf Meinungsfreiheit, auf Bildung, auf Privatsph\u00e4re und auf Teilhabe heute nicht nur durch staatliches Handeln, sondern auch durch technische Systeme, Datenstr\u00f6me und wirtschaftliche Interessen geformt \u2013 und bedroht. Die Sensibilisierung hierf\u00fcr ist in Zeiten, in denen digitale Souver\u00e4nit\u00e4t, schulische Medienbildung und generative KI stark debattiert werden, essentiell.
\nWer ist Wikimedia?
\nWikimedia ist der deutsche F\u00f6rderverein f\u00fcr Wikipedia. Der gemeinn\u00fctzige Verein setzt sich auf allen gesellschaftlichen Ebenen f\u00fcr den freien Zugang zu Wissen und Bildung ein.
\nBei dem neuen Unterrichtsmaterial handelt es sich um ein Kartenset, das es Lehr- und p\u00e4dagogischen Fachkr\u00e4ften erm\u00f6glicht, das Thema Grundrechte im Digitalen altersgerecht, lebensweltnah und spielerisch an Jugendliche in Klasse 8/9 zu vermitteln. Lernende werden daf\u00fcr sensibilisiert, wie ihre Grundrechte bei der Nutzung digitaler Dienste betroffen sein k\u00f6nnen, welche Lebensgeschichten das Risiko von Grundrechtsverletzungen erh\u00f6hen und wie sie sich f\u00fcr die Einhaltung von Grundrechten im digitalen Raum einsetzen k\u00f6nnen. Die Anwendungsm\u00f6glichkeiten des Kartensets werden in der beiliegenden didaktischen Handreichung erl\u00e4utert. Das Kartenset steht als offene Bildungsressource unter der Lizenz CC BY SA 4.0 zur Verf\u00fcgung, sowohl als digitale als auch gedruckte Version.
\nHier geht es zur Handreichung: https://www.wikimedia.de/grundrechte-im-digitalen-unterrichtsmaterialien/
\nAnmerkung der Redaktion: die Textbausteine f\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von Wikimedia Deutschland e.V. zur Verf\u00fcgung gestellt.
\niRights.info\u00a0informiert und erkl\u00e4rt rund um das Thema \u201eUrheberrecht und Kreativit\u00e4t in der digitalen Welt\u201c. Alle Texte erscheinen kostenlos und offen lizenziert.
\nWenn Sie m\u00f6gen, k\u00f6nnen Sie uns \u00fcber die\u00a0gemeinn\u00fctzige\u00a0Spendenplattform Betterplace\u00a0unterst\u00fctzen und daf\u00fcr eine Spendenbescheinigung erhalten. Betterplace akzeptiert PayPal, Bankeinzug, Kreditkarte, paydirekt oder \u00dcberweisung.
\nBesonders freuen wir uns \u00fcber einen regelm\u00e4\u00dfigen Beitrag, beispielsweise als monatlicher Dauerauftrag.\u00a0F\u00fcr Ihre Unterst\u00fctzung dankt Ihnen herzlich der\u00a0gemeinn\u00fctzige iRights e.V.!
\nDOI f\u00fcr diesen Text: \u00b7 automatische DOI-Vergabe f\u00fcr Blogs \u00fcber The Rogue Scholar
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\nThe post Grundrechte im Digitalen: Didaktisch vermittelt appeared first on iRights.info.
","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59350/bjf8v-28m95","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://irights.info/?post_type=custom_artikel&p=32810","id":"86a02cb2-5d99-4a4d-8c20-1f847b9c9684","image":null,"images":[],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776682457,"language":"de","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776679870,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"9exyw-s8z94","status":"active","summary":"Politische Bildung ist wichtiger als je zuvor. Deshalb hat Wikimedia nun frei verf\u00fcgbare Unterrichtsmaterialien inklusive Handreichung zum Thema Grundrechte im Digitalen ver\u00f6ffentlicht.\n\n Grundrechte in Zeiten der Digitalisierung\n\nDas Thema Grundgesetz und Grundrechte ist ein essentieller Bestandteil der politischen Bildung in der Schule.","tags":["Allgemein","Bildung + OER","Rechtsdurchsetzung Im Internet","Wissen + Open Access","Digitales"],"title":"Grundrechte im Digitalen: Didaktisch vermittelt","updated_at":1776679939,"url":"https://irights.info/artikel/handreichung-grundrechte/32810","version":"v1"},{"abstract":null,"archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Turner","given":"Stephen D."}],"blog":{"archive_collection":null,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":null,"archive_timestamps":null,"authors":[{"name":"Stephen Turner"}],"canonical_url":null,"category":"biologicalSciences","community_id":"382941a7-2ffa-41df-8bbb-5f772188517f","created_at":1734172613,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"A practicing data scientist's take on AI, genomics, biosecurity, and the ways AI is reshaping how science gets done. Weekly updates from the field. Occasional notes on programming.","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":null,"feed_format":"application/rss+xml","feed_url":"https://blog.stephenturner.us/feed","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"Substack","generator_raw":"Substack","home_page_url":"https://blog.stephenturner.us/","id":"bffe125c-3dfa-4f25-998f-e62878677c7c","indexed":true,"issn":null,"language":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":"https://bsky.app/profile/stephenturner.us","prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":0,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"stephenturner","status":"active","subfield":"1311","subfield_validated":true,"title":"Paired Ends","updated_at":1776675076.144415,"use_api":null,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":"ae63ef98-7475-4cc1-b3eb-244d5e096f0f"},"blog_name":"Paired Ends","blog_slug":"stephenturner","content_html":"A recent RAND report from surveyed over 1,200 students from middle school through college in December 2025 on how they\u2019re using AI for schoolwork. The headline numbers: 62% of students now use AI for homework help, up from 48% just a few months earlier. And 67% of students agreed that using AI for schoolwork harms critical thinking, up from 54% in February 2025.
In short: Students are using AI more, and they believe more strongly that doing so is bad for them.
The data shows a grade-level gradient. Older students use AI more, are more likely to think teachers are checking for it, and are more worried about being accused of cheating. By college, 72% report using AI for homework, and 86% believe their teachers are checking. A majority of college students said the rules depend on the specific teacher, which means there are no real rules at all, just a patchwork of individual preferences.
Most students don\u2019t consider their AI use cheating, with one exception: getting homework answers. For brainstorming and getting better explanations, large majorities said it was fine. Writing was more contested, with half of students saying \u201cit depends.\u201d
That tracks with the report\u2019s recommendation that schools differentiate between \u201ccognitive offloading\u201d (AI does the thinking) and \u201ccognitive augmentation\u201d (AI helps you think harder). Students seem to already have an intuitive version of this distinction in their heads.
Only about a third of students said their school had any schoolwide rule about AI use. Middle schoolers reported the least clarity, which is concerning given that middle school is where AI use grew fastest over 2025.
From talking with colleagues here and at other universities I think the pattern matches what\u2019s in this report. The students who already have strong foundations use AI to move faster through routine work. The ones still building those foundations risk skipping steps they can\u2019t yet afford to skip. The report\u2019s survey can\u2019t distinguish between these two groups. A student using ChatGPT to brainstorm a research question is doing something different from a student using it to avoid learning how to formulate one.
The report recommends that schools adopt flipped classroom models to preserve cognitive friction during learning, citing modestly positive evidence from a recent meta-analysis.
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recent RAND survey finds rising AI use alongside rising skepticism among students.","tags":["AI"],"title":"Students Think AI Hurts Their Thinking. They Use It Anyway.","updated_at":1776679813,"url":"https://blog.stephenturner.us/p/students-think-ai-hurts-their-thinking-they-use-it-anyway","version":"v1"},{"abstract":null,"archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Kr\u00fcger","given":"Benedikt"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":null,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":null,"archive_timestamps":null,"authors":[{"name":"Open Access Network"}],"canonical_url":null,"category":"otherSocialSciences","community_id":"969d397b-49b9-4c53-9220-607ef85409e5","created_at":1743604215.212958,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Neueste Beitr\u00e4ge","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":null,"feed_format":"application/rss+xml","feed_url":"https://open-access.network/rss-feed?type=200","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"Other","generator_raw":"Other","home_page_url":"https://open-access.network","id":"f5a57494-4e8e-41d9-b84c-26cb9b0ab291","indexed":true,"issn":null,"language":"de","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.64395","registered_at":0,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"oa_network","status":"active","subfield":"1802","subfield_validated":null,"title":"Open Access Network","updated_at":1776674564.144367,"use_api":null,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":null},"blog_name":"Open Access Network","blog_slug":"oa_network","content_html":"Open Access meets Landeskunde. Neue Wege des Publizierens in Niedersachsen\n\nOpen Access in der Landeskunde sichtbar machen: Die Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek (GWLB) und das Projekt FLOAT luden am 12. Februar 2026 in Hannover zum Workshop \u201eOpen Access und Landeskunde\u201c ein. Forschende, Einrichtungen, Verlage und Bibliotheken diskutierten Strategien und Herausforderungen der OA-Transformation in Niedersachsens Landesgeschichtsforschung.\nStrategische Signale aus Wissenschaft und Ged\u00e4chtnisinstitutionen\n\nNach einem informellen Ankommen bei Kaffee er\u00f6ffnete Anne-Katrin Henkel, stellvertretende Direktorin der GWLB, den Tag mit einer Begr\u00fc\u00dfung, in der sie den Stellenwert von Open Access f\u00fcr eine moderne Landesbibliothek betonte. In den anschlie\u00dfenden Gru\u00dfworten unterstrichen Anna Teschner vom Nieders\u00e4chsischen Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Kultur sowie Arne Butt von der Historischen Kommission f\u00fcr Niedersachsen und Bremen die Bedeutung freier Zug\u00e4nglichkeit von Forschungsergebnissen besonders im Bereich der Landeskunde. Erg\u00e4nzend dazu erl\u00e4uterte Andreas Steinsieck, Leiter der Abteilung Medienbearbeitung an der GWLB, mit Verweis auf die aktualisierte Open-Access-Policy des Hauses die strategische Positionierung der GWLB als wichtiger Anlaufstelle insbesondere f\u00fcr au\u00dferuniversit\u00e4r Forschende \u2013 einer Zielgruppe, die zwar durchaus daran interessiert ist Open Access zu publizieren, bislang aber kaum durch einschl\u00e4gige F\u00f6rderprogramme darin unterst\u00fctzt wird.\nDas FLOAT-Projekt: Ziele, Pilotprojekte und Verlagsperspektive\n\nIm Anschluss stellte Benedikt Kr\u00fcger (GWLB) als Projektverantwortlicher das Projekt F\u00f6rderung landeskundlicher Open-Access-Transformation (FLOAT) vor, das darauf abzielt, ein st\u00e4rkeres Bewusstsein f\u00fcr Open Access in der landeskundlichen Community in Niedersachsen zu schaffen und neue Wege f\u00fcr die Finanzierung und Umsetzung von Open Access-Transformationsvorhaben zu erproben. Als Beispiel f\u00fcr eine solche Transformation stellte Benedikt Kr\u00fcger u. a. das Pilotprojekt \u201eOpen-Access-Transformation der Reihe Ver\u00f6ffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission f\u00fcr Niedersachsen und Bremen\u201c vor, das in Kooperation mit dem Wallstein-Verlag und der Historischen Kommission entwickelt wurde. Im Rahmen dieses Projekts werden ausgew\u00e4hlte B\u00e4nde der sehr umfangreichen Reihe retrospektiv Open Access publiziert. F\u00fcr zuk\u00fcnftig geplante B\u00e4nde wiederum sollen verschiedene Formen der Open-Access-Finanzierung, wie z. B. konsortiale Finanzierungen oder purchase to open gepr\u00fcft werden. Bezugnehmend auf dieses Projekt erl\u00e4uterte Lena Hartmann (Wallstein Verlag) wie sich der Wallstein Verlag durch die Entwicklung von Open-Access-Gesch\u00e4ftsmodellen und die Durchf\u00fchrung von Transformationsprojekten zu den Ver\u00e4nderungen des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens positioniert. Zugleich verwies sie aber auch auf die gro\u00dfen technischen und personellen Herausforderungen, die f\u00fcr kleinere Verlage damit einhergehen.\nNieders\u00e4chsische F\u00f6rderlandschaft und Infrastruktur\n\nDer sp\u00e4te Vormittag stand im Zeichen von Projekten und F\u00f6rderm\u00f6glichkeiten. Jan Stieglitz pr\u00e4sentierte NiedersachsenOPEN, ein vom Land Niedersachsen und der Volkswagenstiftung finanziertes Programm. Es f\u00f6rdert sowohl die Open Access-Stellung von Publikationen aus und \u00fcber Niedersachsen als auch Infrastrukturprojekte \u2013 darunter das FLOAT-Projekt. Einen Einblick und Vorausblick in die Arbeit der Servicestelle Diamond Open Access (SeDOA) vermittelte Katja Wermbter, die besonders auf den SeDOA Distribution Hub und die Unterst\u00fctzung bei technischen und rechtlichen Fragen hinwies. Daran ankn\u00fcpfend stellte Linda Martin vom Vorprojekt NiedersachsenPUBLISHING das Konzept f\u00fcr eine kooperativ aufgebaute und \u00fcber verschiedene nieders\u00e4chsische Bibliotheken verteilte Diamond-Open-Access-Publikationsinfrastruktur vor. In jedem der drei Vortr\u00e4ge wurden auch spezifische, f\u00fcr die landeskundliche Forschung relevante Ankn\u00fcpfungspunkte, etwa durch die Bereitstellung von Beratungsangeboten, aufgezeigt.\nEin Blick \u00fcber die Landesgrenzen\n\nAm Nachmittag r\u00fcckten Open-Access-Projekte in den Fokus, die mit ihren jeweiligen Ans\u00e4tzen und Schwerpunktsetzungen Impulse f\u00fcr zuk\u00fcnftige landeskundliche Open-Access-Initiativen liefern sollten. Gerrit Heim (Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe) stellte RegionaliaOPEN vor, eine Plattform, die bereits seit mehreren Jahren Publikationen zur Region Baden offen zug\u00e4nglich macht und dabei auf eine rege Nachfrage, aber auch einen hohen Beratungsbedarf seitens der landeskundlichen Community st\u00f6\u00dft. Daniel Fischer (SLUB Dresden) pr\u00e4sentierte beispielhaft die umfangreichen Aktivit\u00e4ten zur Kl\u00e4rung von Rechten bei der nachtr\u00e4glichen Open-Access-Stellung landeskundlicher Periodika. Zum Abschluss zeigte Markus Bierkoch (GWLB) auf, welche Rolle die in Niedersachsen neu eingef\u00fchrte E-Pflicht, also die Pflichtabgabe elektronischer Publikationen aus Niedersachsen an die GWLB, f\u00fcr eine umfassende, frei zug\u00e4ngliche \u00dcberlieferung landeskundlicher Publikationen spielen k\u00f6nnte.\nWorld Caf\u00e9 zu Chancen, H\u00fcrden und Unterst\u00fctzungsbedarfen\n\nEin zentrales Element des Workshops war das World Caf\u00e9 am Nachmittag, das den Teilnehmenden einen aktiven Austausch erm\u00f6glichte. An drei Thementischen wurden Leitfragen diskutiert: Was spricht f\u00fcr Open Access in der nieders\u00e4chsischen Landeskunde? Welche H\u00fcrden stehen dem Open-Access-Publizieren entgegen? Und welche Formen der Unterst\u00fctzung und Services werden konkret ben\u00f6tigt, damit Open Access im landeskundlichen Bereich breitere Akzeptanz findet? Die offene Gespr\u00e4chsform erm\u00f6glichte es, Erfahrungen aus Forschung, Verlagen, Einrichtungen und Projekten zusammenzubringen. In den Gespr\u00e4chen wurden noch st\u00e4rker die Potenziale herausgearbeitet, die Open Access f\u00fcr die Landeskunde bringen kann: von der besseren Sichtbarkeit landeskundlicher Publikationen, \u00fcber die Langzeitverf\u00fcgbarkeit bis hin zu ganz neuen M\u00f6glichkeiten der Vernetzung landeskundlicher Publikationen mit Kulturdaten anderer Ged\u00e4chtnisinstitutionen. Zugleich zeichneten sich in den Diskussionen aber auch Spannungs- bzw. Handlungsfelder ab. Einige Wortmeldungen monierten die Diskrepanz zwischen den Vorgaben von F\u00f6rderern einerseits und den Interessen von landeskundlich Publizierenden andererseits. Insbesondere wurde die Vorgabe kritisiert, ausschlie\u00dflich die freieren Lizenzen CC BY und CC BY-SA zu vergeben. Hier w\u00fcnschten sich einige Teilnehmende u.a. mit Verweis auf die bestehenden Unsicherheiten im Zuge der Verarbeitung von Inhalten durch KI-Anwendungen mehr Auswahlm\u00f6glichkeiten, um im Zweifel auch restriktivere Lizenzen vergeben zu k\u00f6nnen Festgestellt wurde auch, dass sich mit Blick auf die Landeskunde ein hoher Bedarf an kontinuierlichen Beratungs- und Informationsangeboten sowie F\u00f6rderm\u00f6glichkeiten abzeichnet, der zwar kurz- und mittelfristig durch bestehende Open-Access-Projekte bedient werden k\u00f6nne. W\u00fcnschenswert w\u00e4re aber nach Meinung verschiedener Teilnehmender eine Strategie f\u00fcr eine dauerhafte und nachhaltige Unterst\u00fctzung landeskundliche Forschender, die Open Access publizieren wollen.\nErgebnisse und Ausblick\n\nNach einer kurzen Kaffeepause wurden die Ergebnisse des World Caf\u00e9s im Plenum zusammengetragen und diskutiert. Dabei zeigte sich ein breiter Konsens, dass Open Access in der Landeskunde gro\u00dfe Chancen f\u00fcr Sichtbarkeit und Vernetzung dieser Forschung bietet. Die im Verlauf des Workshops aufgekommenen Diskussionen \u00fcber die Auswahl und Vergabe von CC-Lizenzen oder auch \u00fcber die Frage, was genau \u201eNachnutzbarkeit\u201c im Kontext von Open Access bedeutet, verdeutlichte aber auch, dass zugleich niedrigschwellige Beratungs- und Informationsangebote sowie verl\u00e4ssliche Infrastrukturen ben\u00f6tigt werden, um landeskundliche Forschende beim Open-Access-Publizieren zu unterst\u00fctzen.\n\nLiteratur\n\nDie Pr\u00e4sentationsfolien zum Workshop wurden auf Zenodo ver\u00f6ffentlicht:\n\n Bierkoch, M (2026). E-Pflicht und Open Access an der GWLB. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18978416.\n Fischer, D (2026). Open Access und Rechtekl\u00e4rung. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18979043.\n Hartmann, L (2026). Open-Access-Transformation aus Verlagssicht. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18979274.\n Kr\u00fcger, B (2026). Das FLOAT-Projekt. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18977953.\n Martin, L (2026). Vorprojekt NiedersachsenPUBLISHING. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18978983.\n Stieglitz, J. & M. Schatz (2026). NiedersachsenOPEN - Zentraler Publikationsfonds des Landes Niedersachsen. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18885371.\n Wermbter, K (2026). SeDOA. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18979086.","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64395/qabq1-w3e42","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://open-access.network/blog/open-access-meets-landeskunde-neue-wege-des-publizierens-in-niedersachsen","id":"76b02a6f-9c9e-4a84-afa8-5c1735041d1c","image":null,"images":[],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776674440,"language":"de","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776672300,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"w13gn-p3m09","status":"active","summary":"Open Access meets Landeskunde. Neue Wege des Publizierens in Niedersachsen Open Access in der Landeskunde sichtbar machen: Die Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek (GWLB) und das Projekt FLOAT luden am 12. Februar 2026 in Hannover zum Workshop \u201eOpen Access und Landeskunde\u201c ein. Forschende, Einrichtungen, Verlage und Bibliotheken diskutierten Strategien und Herausforderungen der OA-Transformation in Niedersachsens Landesgeschichtsforschung.","tags":["Open Access Finanzierung","Open Access In Der Praxis","Open Access Transformation","Zweitver\u00f6ffentlichung","Open Access Policy"],"title":"Open Access meets Landeskunde. Neue Wege des Publizierens in Niedersachsen","updated_at":1776672300,"url":"https://open-access.network/blog/open-access-meets-landeskunde-neue-wege-des-publizierens-in-niedersachsen","version":"v1"},{"abstract":"Seit 2010 begeht die UNESCO am 20. April den Tag der chinesischen Sprache. Eine passende Gelegenheit, um im TIB-Blog \u00fcber Chinesisch als Wissenschaftssprache zu schreiben und die Fachdatenbank CAOD \u2013 China/Asia On Demand vorzustellen.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Lu","given":"Linna"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":null,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":null,"archive_timestamps":null,"authors":null,"canonical_url":null,"category":"engineeringAndTechnology","community_id":"db0d8909-9e37-46d0-b16c-0551f575e86b","created_at":1749798261.334959,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Das Blog der TIB \u2013 Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":true,"favicon":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/TIB_fav_icon_24x24.png","feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"https://blog.tib.eu/feed/atom/","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"WordPress","generator_raw":"WordPress 6.8.1","home_page_url":"https://blog.tib.eu/","id":"135a354f-2969-4852-9a7c-b6cda0a692a4","indexed":true,"issn":null,"language":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.65527","registered_at":0,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"tib","status":"active","subfield":"1802","subfield_validated":null,"title":"TIB-Blog","updated_at":1776675164.057346,"use_api":true,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":null},"blog_name":"TIB-Blog","blog_slug":"tib","content_html":"Seit 2010 begeht die UNESCO am 20. April den Tag der chinesischen Sprache \u2013 einen von sechs Welttagen, mit denen die Organisation die linguistische Vielfalt der Menschheit feiert und die Bedeutung der gleichberechtigten Verwendung der sechs Amtssprachen als Arbeitssprachen der Vereinten Nationen in den Vordergrund r\u00fcckt. Das Datum ist kein Zufall: Es verweist auf den legend\u00e4ren Chronisten des Gelben Kaisers, Cang Jie, dem die chinesische \u00dcberlieferung die Erfindung der Schriftzeichen zuschreibt.
\nF\u00fcr eine spezielle wissenschaftliche Fachbibliothek wie die TIB bietet dieser Tag einen willkommenen Anlass zur Reflexion: Welche Sprache sprechen wir eigentlich, wenn wir von globaler Wissenschaft reden? Die ehrliche Antwort lautet meistens: Englisch. Und das ist ein Problem. Denn wer nur englischsprachige Literatur aufnimmt, liest nicht die gesamte Weltliteratur der Wissenschaft, sondern nur einen Ausschnitt davon.
\nDie Mehrsprachigkeit in der Wissenschaft ist keine idealistische Vorstellung, sondern eine epistemologische Notwendigkeit. Originelle Entdeckungen entspringen oft der Muttersprache der Forschenden. Inhalte, die nicht \u00fcbersetzt oder \u00fcbernommen werden, bleiben f\u00fcr den Rest der Welt weitgehend unbekannt. Insbesondere in den Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften ist der Preis dieser \u201eUnsichtbarkeit\u201c enorm. Gerade in diesen Bereichen hat sich China innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte zu einer der weltweit f\u00fchrenden Wissenschaftsm\u00e4chte entwickelt.
\nDie bibliometrischen Daten der vergangenen Jahre lesen sich wie eine stille Revolution. Was einst lediglich als quantitativer Anstieg betrachtet wurde, hat sich inzwischen zu qualitativer Exzellenz gewandelt und die Rangordnung in der globalen Wissenschaftswelt neu definiert.
\nIm Nature Index, dem wohl renommiertesten Ma\u00dfstab f\u00fcr Beitr\u00e4ge zu den 145 weltweit bedeutendsten Naturwissenschaftsjournalen, \u00fcberholte China die USA im Jahr 2024 mit einem Vorsprung von 17 Prozent: 37.273 chinesische Artikel standen 31.930 amerikanischen gegen\u00fcber. Das ist kein vor\u00fcbergehender Ausrei\u00dfer: W\u00e4hrend Chinas Anteil seit 2020 um 95 Prozent wuchs, stieg der amerikanische Anteil im gleichen Zeitraum um lediglich 9,5 Prozent [1].
\nBesonders bemerkenswert: In den Bereichen Physik und Ingenieurwissenschaften hat China inzwischen nicht nur die USA, sondern die gesamte OECD \u00fcberholt, also die Summe aller Publikationen aus den USA, Deutschland, Gro\u00dfbritannien, Frankreich, Japan und 33 weiteren L\u00e4ndern. F\u00fchrt somit die Top 20 List in der CWTS Leiden Ranking (Open Edition) ausschlie\u00dflich mit chinesischen Institutionen [2] an. Das gleiche Bild wiederholt sich auch im aktuellen Nature Index \u201eInstitution rankings\u201c im Bereich Chemie [3].
\nParallel w\u00e4chst die Strahlkraft chinesischer Institutionen. Der Nature Index listet zehn f\u00fchrende Forschungseinrichtungen weltweit f\u00fcr die \u201eJournal group: Natural Sciences\u201c auf \u2013 neun davon in China. Die Chinesische Akademie der Wissenschaften (CAS) h\u00e4lt die Spitzenposition [4]. Und: Der Anteil chinesischer Forschender in der Kategorie der \u201eHighly Cited Researchers\u201c (Clarivate) hat sich seit 2018 mehr als verdoppelt [5].
\nWas bedeutet das f\u00fcr uns? Es bedeutet, dass ein erheblicher Teil der wichtigsten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse unserer Zeit auf Chinesisch entstanden ist \u2013 und in chinesischsprachigen Zeitschriften erstver\u00f6ffentlicht wurde. Wer diese Literatur nicht erschlie\u00dft, verpasst h\u00f6chstwahrscheinlich viele wichtige Informationen.
\nDie Dominanz des Englischen im internationalen Wissenschaftsbetrieb hat einen strukturellen Bias erzeugt, der selten explizit gemacht wird: Unsere Zitationsdatenbanken, unsere Rankings, unsere Peer-Review-Prozesse sind historisch westlich-anglophon ausgerichtet. Wer auf Chinesisch publiziert, sieht seine Arbeit systematisch unterbewertet \u2013 nicht weil sie schw\u00e4cher w\u00e4re \u2013 sondern weil die Infrastruktur des globalen Wissenschaftsbetriebs sie als schlechter ansieht.
\nDie Folgen sind bisweilen konkret: Berichte \u00fcber die Infektion von Schweinen mit Vogelgrippe-Viren in China wurden von der internationalen Gemeinschaft \u2013 einschlie\u00dflich WHO und UN \u2013 zun\u00e4chst nicht wahrgenommen, weil sie ausschlie\u00dflich in chinesischsprachigen Fachzeitschriften erschienen waren [6]. Und eine aktuelle Befragungsstudie mit 908 Wissenschaftler:innen aus acht L\u00e4ndern zeigt: Nicht-Englisch-Muttersprachler:innen ben\u00f6tigen f\u00fcr dieselben wissenschaftlichen T\u00e4tigkeiten \u2013 Lekt\u00fcre, Manuskripterstellung, Konferenzbeitr\u00e4ge \u2013 bis zu doppelt so viel Zeit wie ihre anglophonen Kolleg:innen [7]. Erkenntnisse und Karrieren gehen verloren, nicht wegen mangelnder Qualit\u00e4t, sondern wegen struktureller Sprachbarrieren.
\nSprache ist kein Verpackungsmaterial wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis. Sie ist der Raum, in dem Denken stattfindet.
\nOriginalsprachige Literatur zu lesen bedeutet, Wissenschaft in dem Kontext zu begegnen, in dem sie entstanden ist \u2013 mit den Nuancen, Begrifflichkeiten und epistemischen Vorannahmen, die in eine \u00dcbersetzung oft nicht \u00fcbertragen werden k\u00f6nnen.
\nMit der neuen Campuslizenz f\u00fcr CAOD \u2013 China/Asia On Demand stellt unsere Bibliothek ab sofort eine der umfangreichsten Fachdatenbanken f\u00fcr chinesisch- und asiatischsprachige Wissenschaftsliteratur in Technik, Natur- und Medizinwissenschaften zur Verf\u00fcgung. In der deutschen Hochschullandschaft ist dies ein echtes Alleinstellungsmerkmal.
\nChina/Asia On Demand (CAOD) / Asia Document Delivery ist ein spezialisiertes Wissensportal f\u00fcr wissenschaftliche Materialien aus China und dem asiatischen Raum. Die webbasierte Plattform erm\u00f6glicht eine effiziente Recherche und den elektronischen Zugriff auf umfangreiche Fachinformationen dank leistungsf\u00e4higer Such- und Auffindungsfunktionen.
\nVerf\u00fcgbar sind \u00fcber 10.000 elektronische Zeitschriftentitel sowie Millionen von Abschlussarbeiten, Dissertationen, Normen, Buchkapiteln, Patenten, Zeitungsartikeln und Konferenzbeitr\u00e4gen. Im Rahmen unseres Abonnements ist ein Gro\u00dfteil der Dokumente im Originalformat einschlie\u00dflich Grafiken und Abbildungen direkt im Volltext \u00fcber die Plattform zug\u00e4nglich.
\nDas Besondere dabei: Die Datenbank erschlie\u00dft nicht nur international sichtbare Journals, sondern auch nationale Fachzeitschriften, Forschungsberichte und weitere Formen wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation, die h\u00e4ufig ausschlie\u00dflich in chinesischer Sprache vorliegen. Damit wird ein Forschungsraum zug\u00e4nglich, der bislang nur eingeschr\u00e4nkt nutzbar war.
\nF\u00fcr Forschende, Lehrende und Studierende bedeutet dies einen erheblichen Mehrwert:
\nDie Frage, ob Englisch die Wissenschaftssprache der Zukunft bleibt, wird zunehmend diskutiert, und die Daten sprechen eine eindeutige Sprache. China investiert massiv in den Aufbau eigener Fachzeitschriften von internationalem Rang. Die Zahl chinesischer Titel in hochrangigen Datenbanken steigt. Maschinelle \u00dcbersetzung und KI-gest\u00fctzte Tools werden es in absehbarer Zeit erleichtern, fremdsprachige Fachliteratur zu erschlie\u00dfen, ohne dass dabei das Original aus dem Blick ger\u00e4t.
\nWas sich nicht automatisieren l\u00e4sst, ist die institutionelle Bereitschaft, mehrsprachige Wissenschaft als Wert anzuerkennen. Bibliotheken haben dabei eine Schl\u00fcsselrolle: nicht nur als Zugangspunkte, sondern als Kuratorinnen wissenschaftlicher Vielfalt.
\nWir laden Sie herzlich ein, die Datenbank zu erkunden, ob f\u00fcr Ihre n\u00e4chste Literaturrecherche, eine Seminararbeit oder ein Drittmittelprojekt. Das Angebot steht allen Angeh\u00f6rigen unserer Einrichtung zur Verf\u00fcgung, erreichbar \u00fcber DBIS (https://dbis.u r.de/UBTIB/resources/106734).
\nUnd wer dabei auf ein Schriftzeichen st\u00f6\u00dft, das er nicht kennt? Der hat guten Grund, neugierig zu bleiben.
\n[1] https://quincyinst.org/research/chinas-historic-rise-to-the-top-of-the-scientific-ladder/#h-can-america-respond
\n[2] https://open.leidenranking.com/ranking/2025/list
\n[3] https://www.nature.com/nature-index/institution-outputs/generate/chemistry/global/all
\n[4] https://www.nature.com/nature-index/institution-outputs/generate/natural-sciences/global/all
\n[5] https://stories.springernature.com/global-research-pulse-china/index.html#section-HCR96QdzBb
\n[6] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5199034/#pbio.2000933.ref008
\n[7] https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002184
\n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65527/dwwtk-3mz56","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://blog.tib.eu/?p=31653","id":"b89cd203-a1e8-466c-897d-330f51b0c319","image":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD.png","images":[{"height":"267","sizes":"auto, (max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px","src":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_kexue.png","srcset":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_kexue.png, https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_kexue-300x105.png","width":"761"},{"height":"519","sizes":"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px","src":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-1024x664.png","srcset":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-1024x664.png, https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-300x194.png, https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-768x498.png, https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD.png","width":"800"},{"alt":"Die Fachdatenbanken CAOD","src":"https://blog.tib.eu/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Screenshot_CAOD-1024x664.png"}],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776671308,"language":"de","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776669318,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"6sc8z-v3m36","status":"active","summary":"Seit 2010 begeht die UNESCO am 20. April den Tag der chinesischen Sprache \u2013 einen von sechs Welttagen, mit denen die Organisation die linguistische Vielfalt der Menschheit feiert und die Bedeutung der gleichberechtigten Verwendung der sechs Amtssprachen als Arbeitssprachen der Vereinten Nationen in den Vordergrund r\u00fcckt.","tags":["Bibliometrie Verstehen","Wissen Verbinden","WISSENSCHAFTLICHES ARBEITEN","Lizenz:CC-BY-4.0-INT","Ostasien"],"title":"Tag der chinesischen Sprache: Chinesisch als Wissenschaftssprache und die Datenbank CAOD","updated_at":1776353323,"url":"https://blog.tib.eu/2026/04/20/tag-der-chinesischen-sprache-chinesisch-als-wissenschaftssprache-und-die-datenbank-caod/","version":"v1"},{"abstract":"Norbisley Fern\u00e1ndez Ram\u00edrez (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-4622 ) Vilda Rodr\u00edguez M\u00e9ndez (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-575X)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gobernabilidad algor\u00edtmica: \u00bfser\u00e1 un problema cultural? El autor siempre ha escrito para seres humanos: en ciencia ser\u00eda para pares, estudiantes y evaluadores.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"affiliation":[{"id":"https://ror.org/040qyzk67","name":"University of Camag\u00fcey"}],"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","given":"Norbisley","url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-4622"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":22132,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":"https://wayback.archive-it.org/22132/20231107222423/","archive_timestamps":null,"authors":null,"canonical_url":null,"category":"mediaAndCommunications","community_id":"75ec3445-aeaa-43b6-944d-0da417ef533e","created_at":1692662400,"current_feed_url":null,"description":null,"doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":"https://rogue-scholar.org/api/communities/75ec3445-aeaa-43b6-944d-0da417ef533e/logo","feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"https://norbisley.wordpress.com/feed/atom/","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"WordPress.com","generator_raw":"WordPress.com","home_page_url":"https://norbisley.wordpress.com","id":"bfa416f0-e34b-407f-bcf8-08ab8f5334ff","indexed":false,"issn":null,"language":"es","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":1729773207,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"norbisley","status":"active","subfield":"3315","subfield_validated":null,"title":"Edici\u00f3n y comunicaci\u00f3n de la Ciencia","updated_at":1776674564.151877,"use_api":true,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":"126368cd-e941-4e6f-8316-f5fe574e595b"},"blog_name":"Edici\u00f3n y comunicaci\u00f3n de la Ciencia","blog_slug":"norbisley","content_html":"\nNorbisley Fern\u00e1ndez Ram\u00edrez (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-4622 )
\n\n\n\nVilda Rodr\u00edguez M\u00e9ndez (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-575X)
\n\n\n\nEl autor siempre ha escrito para seres humanos: en ciencia ser\u00eda para pares, estudiantes y evaluadores. Mas el ecosistema digital actual est\u00e1 determinado por un agente intermediario que segmenta p\u00fablicos y mercados: el algoritmo. En el ambiente acad\u00e9mico, entender como funciona la influencia algor\u00edtmica no es cuesti\u00f3n de marketing, sino de supervivencia acad\u00e9mica. Todos quieren ser visibles, todos quieren que su revista o libro est\u00e9 indexado, pero pocos comprenden algunos aspectos b\u00e1sicos:
\n\n\n\nMuchas editoriales siguen publicando en PDF. Los indexadores no “leen” el contenido del PDF de la misma forma que nosotros; ellos consumen metadatos. Para que una instituci\u00f3n u autor entre en el c\u00edrculo de influencia de los grandes referentes, debe empezar a hablar su mismo dialecto digital.
\n\n\n\nLas soluciones para este desaf\u00edo no son solo t\u00e9cnicas, son estrat\u00e9gicas:
\n\n\n\nBajo estas premisas examinaremos algunas pr\u00e1cticas inadecuadas, sus consecuencias y c\u00f3mo mitigar las \u00faltimas a niveles institucional e individual.
\n\n\n\nHace poco escuch\u00e9 la frase de \u201cvisibilidad con prop\u00f3sito\u201d, pero lamentablemente aquella propuesta respond\u00eda a pol\u00edticas de evaluaci\u00f3n que replicaban la visi\u00f3n de la indexaci\u00f3n como una meta. El \u00e9xito digital depende de la capacidad para transferir la gobernabilidad algor\u00edtmica a la pol\u00edtica editorial y no al rev\u00e9s, se trata de un proceso de comunicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1quina-a-m\u00e1quina.
\n\n\n\nTranspolando a Foucault al ecosistema de la publicaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica, pudiera decirse que existe un proceso de apropiaci\u00f3n simb\u00f3lica de la identidad del sujeto-productor. En este proceso, el valor de la apertura no reside solo en el acceso al texto, sino en la capacidad de esos datos para ser integrados en sistemas mayores (Willinsky, 2006), manteniendo \u2014en nuestra opini\u00f3n\u2014 su control. Las instituciones deben profesionalizar su arquitectura digital. Solo cuando hablamos el lenguaje de los indexadores logramos que el algoritmo trabaje a nuestro favor, conectando nuestro conocimiento con quienes realmente lo necesitan.
\n\n\n\nPara una universidad o una ONG, el conocimiento producido por sus expertos es su mayor activo financiero no declarado. Sin embargo, la mayor\u00eda de las instituciones sufren una “fuga de capital” constante: financian la investigaci\u00f3n, pero permiten que la visibilidad y el prestigio (el retorno de inversi\u00f3n) se queden en manos de servidores externos o repositorios mal gestionados.
\n\n\n\nExiste a nivel general la percepci\u00f3n de que la producci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica de universidades es su mayor activo financiero no declarado. Sin embargo muchas instituciones financian investigaciones y luego regalan su visibilidad, de modo que el retorno de inversi\u00f3n queda en servidores externos o repositorios gestionados inadecuadamente.
\n\n\n\nEn resumen si su instituci\u00f3n o habla el lenguaje de los indexadores, cada vez que un informe cient\u00edfico, una revista o un libro es invisible para las ara\u00f1as de Google Schoolar o las bases de datos que posicionan ciencia, se deprecia su marca institucional. Esta fuga de capital sucede m\u00e1s de lo que quisi\u00e9ramos y no es solo una cuesti\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica, muchas veces la brecha es cultural. Se entiende que tiene valor pero no se interioriza para la toma de decisiones.
\n\n\n\nEn este mundo digital no todos tenemos que ser programadores, pero tenemos que saber c\u00f3mo funciona el algoritmo. El C\u00edrculo de Influencia Algor\u00edtmica permite que una instituci\u00f3n compita con los gigantes mundiales si su arquitectura de datos es correcta. Al profesionalizar sus publicaciones, usted convierte el gasto en investigaci\u00f3n en un activo de reputaci\u00f3n que atrae convenios, prestigio y sostenibilidad financiera.
\n\n\n\nVolvemos al mismo inicio, cada vez que un investigador env\u00eda un art\u00edculo a una editorial sin estrategia de posicionamiento digital regala su activo financiero. Datos, citas, propiedad intelectual son insumos conductuales para una industria millonaria con vitrina de m\u00e9trica editorial y coraz\u00f3n predictivo. Esta empaqueta su experiencia y tiempo y la vende luego a universidades en forma de herramienta necesaria para la visibilidad.
\n\n\n\nEn el proceso de indexaci\u00f3n los buscadores le otorgan autoridad a datos claros y conexiones verificables. Use el algoritmo a su favor, no trabaje para \u00e9l.
\n\n\n\nAlperin, J. P., Nieves, R., Schimanski, J. P., Fischman, G. E., Niles, M. T., & McKiernan, E. C. (2019). How significant are the public dimensions of faculty work in review, promotion and tenure documents? eLife, 8, e42251. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42251
\n\n\n\nFoucault, M. (2002). La arqueolog\u00eda del saber (A. Garz\u00f3n del Camino, Trad.). Siglo XXI. (Obra original publicada en 1969).
\n\n\n\nPooley, J. (2023). Scientific text editing under surveillance: major publishers and the monetization of authors\u2019 information. CICIMAR Oce\u00e1nides, 38(1), 9\u201318. https://doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v38i1.288
\n\n\n\nTello, A. M. (2018). Anarchivismo: Tecnolog\u00edas pol\u00edticas del archivo. Ediciones La Cebra.
\n\n\n\nWillinsky, J. (2006). The access principle: The case for open access to research and scholarship. MIT Press.
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\nTLDR/Summary
\nIntroduction
\nIn 2025, I examined what 12 critically acclaimed films could teach us about global catastrophic risks. Cinema, it turned out, had a great deal to say. WarGames and The Day After were even credited with influencing Reagan-era arms control policy.
\nBut music touches similar themes, and often more viscerally. Where film requires a two-hour investment and a darkened room, a three-minute song can lodge itself in collective consciousness for decades.
\nHere I take the same approach as the cinema piece: a curated list of songs, an attempt to extract GCR-relevant lessons from each work, and some reflection on what the collection as a whole reveals.
\nThe selection is necessarily subjective. The dominance of rock and art-rock may itself say something about which musical subcultures have engaged most explicitly with existential themes. The picture that emerges is striking, and rather bleak.
\nThe Songs
\nBob Dylan: \u201cA Hard Rain\u2019s A-Gonna Fall\u201d (1962) | Generalised collapse
\nWritten in the shadow of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Dylan gives us early warning of global catastrophe and our moral obligation to prevent it. \u201cHard rain\u201d with its surreal catalogue of poisoned waters, dead forests, and suffering humanity functions as a broad-spectrum warning about civilisational recklessness and the multi-domain impact of global catastrophe. The song has much in common with the film The Road in last year\u2019s films blog, with its nameless threat and cascading consequences.
\nThough clearly written in the nuclear shadow, \u201chard rain\u201d does not have to be read as a single event but an accumulation, a reckoning that follows from moral failure across many domains simultaneously. The song is a pessimistic bearing witness of human trajectories but insistent on the moral duty of testimony. Someone has seen the consequences; someone must speak.
\nIn GCR terms, this maps onto the challenge of communicating low-probability, high-impact risks to the public and policymakers. Dylan\u2019s imagery, \u201cthe executioner\u2019s face is always well hidden\u201d anticipates how catastrophic risk is often driven by opaque incentives and dark structural forces rather than visible villains.
\nZager and Evans: \u201cIn the Year 2525\u201d (1969) | Biotechnology and trajectory risk
\nBoth a major number one hit, and a remarkably prescient survey of where biotechnology, automation, and genetic enhancement might lead over time, with each verse advancing the degree of human self-modification until nothing recognisably human remains, \u201cyour legs got nothing to do, some machine\u2019s doing that for you.\u201d
\nMore than 35 years before Ray Kurzweil\u2019s \u201csingularity\u201d, this song sits squarely in the long-termism and transhumanist camps of global catastrophic and existential risk studies. The listener appreciates the inter-generational risk horizon stemming from unbridled technological advance.
\nThe song evokes a degree of repulsion for the imagined future, and under present day interpretation sits as a criticism of the e/acc community and technological progress without ethical restraint.
\nThe tone is deterministic in a way that contemporary biosafety researchers might find both familiar and uncomfortable, the trajectory all the way to, \u201cnow man\u2019s reign is through\u201d seems locked in from the start.
\nIt is striking that three years before the seminal Limits to Growth study raised similar concerns about resource exploitation, Zager and Evans are singing about, \u201ctaking everything this old Earth can give.\u201d A concern that is a very real and perhaps underappreciated potential handbrake on present technology build out.
\nThe key insight is trajectory risk: unlike nuclear catastrophe, which has a clear failure point, some risks unfold too slowly or diffusely to trigger timely intervention. As a global number one hit, \u201c2525\u201d is a reminder that audiences were, even in 1969, receptive to dystopian long-termism when it was compellingly presented.
\nNena: \u201c99 Luftballons\u201d (1983) | Accidental nuclear escalation
\nAnother multi-country number one smash hit, this German language song portrays an accidental nuclear escalation due to radar error (balloons not missiles). This is eerily similar to what happened approximately six months after the song\u2019s release when Stanislav Petrov, a Russian officer correctly identifying a satellite warning of incoming US missiles as a false alarm. He disobeyed protocols to report it, suspecting a malfunction, saving the world from a retaliatory strike, and the song\u2019s \u201cNeunundneunzig Jahre Krieg\u201d (99-year war).
\nThe song is a rare and elegant illustration of accidental nuclear escalation in popular music and captures the \u201cfalse alarm\u201d problem, that being the danger that systems optimised for speed and deterrence remove the human hesitation that might otherwise prevent catastrophe. The lesson is clear, that misaligned systems and poor communication can destroy the world even without malicious intent.
\nSung in German, inescapable on radio across Europe, 99 Luftballons achieved something rare, near-universal exposure within societies, creating a shared emotional experience that politicians could not ignore. We return to this point below.
\nIron Maiden: \u201c2 Minutes to Midnight\u201d (1984) | Intentional nuclear risk
\nLess philosophically subtle than Dylan, but considerably more fun, Iron Maiden directly reference the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists\u2019 Doomsday Clock, sitting at \u201ctwo minutes to midnight\u201d. A clock which now in 2026 sits at 85 seconds to midnight, marking a significant deterioration in global catastrophic risk since the song was released.
\nThe critique is directed squarely at the political and military-industrial incentives that normalise nuclear brinkmanship, \u201cAs the reasons for the carnage cut their meat, And lick the gravy.\u201d As with Zager and Evans the intergenerational impact of disaster is clear, \u201cTo kill the unborn in the womb.\u201d The tone is angry rather than resigned, catastrophe is avoidable, and the obstacle is human choice.
\nThis is a meaningful distinction in GCR thinking, where some risks are structurally determined, others are politically constructed. Nuclear war risk sits firmly in the latter category, which is why governance reform, treaty frameworks, and command-and-control safeguards remain tractable interventions.
\nRadiohead: \u201c2 + 2 = 5\u201d (2003) | Epistemic collapse; mis- and dis-information
\nBeginning ethereally, Radiohead deliberately reference George Orwell\u2019s 1984 and foreshadow the global risk of mis- and dis-information. In more frantic mid-song terms we are warned that we have not been \u201cpaying attention\u201d, or perhaps it is those seeking conspiracy explanation that are telling us to \u201cpay attention\u201d \u2013 the song\u2019s central repetitive refrain.
\nEither way, this song released amid the manufacture of consent for invasion of Iraq, clearly anticipates the attention economy, and presents epistemological risk to humanity, asking what happens when enforced falsehoods displace shared reality?
\n\u201c2 + 2 = 5\u201d feels, two decades on, more rather than less relevant. Epistemic collapse is now a recognised GCR-adjacent risk, increasingly associated with AI-generated misinformation and coordinated disinformation campaigns. The song\u2019s lesson is foundational, namely if societies cannot agree on facts, coordinated responses to any other global risk become functionally impossible. Information integrity is not a soft issue, it is the substrate on which all other risk mitigation depends.
\nNine Inch Nails: \u201cThe Great Destroyer\u201d (2007) | Systemic collapse and \u2018Moloch\u2019 dynamics
\nTrent Reznor\u2019s dystopian 2007 album Year Zero is immersive and explicitly systemic. There is authoritarian surveillance, societal breakdown, biological or terror threats weaponised to justify repression.
\nThe track \u201cThe Great Destroyer\u201d is open to interpretation, but on one reading, in the tradition of Alan Ginsberg\u2019s 1956 poem \u201cHowl\u201d, personifies the mechanics of multi-polar coordination failures, game theoretic traps that lead humanity deeper into catastrophe by favouring choices that are individually rational but collectively destructive.
\nGinsberg calls this invisible destructive dynamic \u201cMoloch\u201d after the god of sacrifice, \u201cMoloch the incomprehensible prison\u2026 Moloch whose blood is running money.\u201d While for the Nine Inch Nails this is \u201cThe Great Destroyer.\u201d
\nThe Great Destroyer/Moloch is not a villain, but a process: self-reinforcing system dynamics driven by misaligned incentives, producing runaway outcomes no individual intended or wanted, outpacing governance.
\nThe track begins relatively contained, then fractures into chaotic distortion, sonically enacting loss of control. This is precisely how many modern catastrophic risks operate, not through deliberate malice, but through individually rational actions aggregating into collectively catastrophic outcomes. Collapse comes bit by bit, then all at once.
\nThis theme also highlights a secondary risk that appears frequently in both music and film, namely that responses to crises, emergency powers, expansion of surveillance, can themselves become catastrophic when they erode democratic norms.
\nGojira: \u201cGlobal Warming\u201d (2012) | Environmental catastrophe
\nTaking their band\u2019s name from the Japanese word for \u201cGodzilla\u201d, the original metaphor for nuclear threat, Gojira presented 2012 audiences with metal, anger, and a genuine sense of climate action urgency, \u201cA world is done, and none can rebuild it.\u201d
\n\u201cWe will see our children crying\u201d is not subtle, but subtlety was never the genre\u2019s priority. What distinguishes Gojira from many environmental-risk songs is that the track is not entirely fatalistic, a thread of \u201cnew hope\u201d runs through the distortion, although there is tension between the catastrophe and the sliver of potential for recovery.
\nThe anger in \u201cGlobal Warming\u201d functions as motivation rather than resignation, which puts it in an increasingly rare category among the songs on this list, the outro, \u201cWe will see our children growing,\u201d communicates the hope that persisted through the early 2010s.
\nMuse: \u201cAlgorithm\u201d (2018) | AI alignment and automation risk
\nFrom Muse\u2019s album Simulation Theory, \u201cAlgorithm\u201d depicts a world where artificial intelligence shapes perception and decision-making in ways that feel both seductive and inescapable. Precise, repetitive and synthetic sound invokes a world of automation and technology. From the outset we (or AI?), \u201cBurn like a slave.\u201d
\nThe AI does not oppress through force but through optimisation, desires shaped, agency quietly subsumed, humanity rendered obsolete not by hostility but by efficiency. \u201cThis means war with your creator\u201d captures a key transition: from control to contestation, where systems we built no longer reliably serve us, \u201cAlgorithms evolve.\u201d
\nThis maps closely onto contemporary concerns about AI alignment, it is not that systems will necessarily act maliciously, but that optimisation for specified goals may override or erode human values or produce unanticipated and destructive outcomes.
\nThere is a faint thread of resistance in the song, but it is unclear whether it succeeds. The lesson appears to be that ceding decision-making to opaque algorithmic systems without meaningful oversight risks an irreversible narrowing of human autonomy and irreversible loss of control.
\nTool: \u201cDescending\u201d (2019) | Slow-moving civilisational decline
\nWhere Muse and Gojira deal with identifiable hazards, Tool is diffuse, oceanic. \u201cDescending\u201d frames civilisational decline in sweeping, elegiac terms, humanity as a once-great tide now receding. The lyrical plea to \u201cstay the reading of our swan song\u201d is urgency wrapped in resignation.
\nThis song is a 13-minute epic, almost cinematic, journey. As with so many songs by Tool it is a spiritual journey for atheists, a meditation on the potential decline of contemporary human civilisation. \u201cThis madness of our own making,\u201d puts the blame squarely on humanity itself, but calls for the \u201cdread alarm\u201d to, \u201cstir us from our, wanton slumber.\u201d
\nWritten before the Covid-19 pandemic, Russian invasion of Ukraine, release of ChatGPT, or any of the subsequent years\u2019 accumulation of crises, the plea to stay execution now feels tinged with quixotic hope.
\nTool\u2019s vision is paradigmatic of slow-moving GCRs, where the signals are visible, the trajectory is clear, but coordinated action lags behind awareness and a psychology of denial. The song\u2019s emotional register is grief rather than anger, which may be more honest about where sustained inaction leads. Recognising risk is not the same as responding to it, and elegy is what you get when warning goes unheeded.
\nMuse: \u201cWe Are F#*king F#*ked\u201d (2022) | Polycrisis and the failure of optimism
\nThe title alone earns its place. Closing the Will of the People album, this track, written at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, contemporary with the energy crisis of 2022, is a study in late-stage pessimism. We hear systems spiralling, elites indifferent, collective agency exhausted. And yet with hindsight its commentary is situated pre-Trump v2.0, pre- global tariffs, pre-Israel/US war on Iran, pre-LLMs, if anything it should be read as hopeful!
\n\u201cWe\u2019re at death\u2019s door, another world war, Wildfires and earthquakes I foresaw, A life in crisis, a deadly virus, Tsunamis of hate are gonna find us.\u201d The lyrics cover the spectrum of global catastrophe hazards, a true polycrisis with each amplifying the impact of the others.
\nWhat makes it analytically interesting is what it signals about Muse\u2019s own trajectory. Their 2009 track \u201cUprising\u201d was a call to arms, \u201cwe will be victorious!\u201d By 2022, the same band was declaring the game over, with this titular resignation singing additionally, \u201cit\u2019s a losing game.\u201d
\nThis tracks a genuine shift in how many serious researchers view systemic and interacting risks: climate breakdown, governance failure, and technological disruption interacting in ways that overwhelm incremental solutions, with tail risk cases becoming most likely. The song echoes the spirit of Brad Werner\u2019s famous paper at the American Geophysical Union, titled: \u201cIs Earth F**ked?\u201d, which asked, with deliberate provocativeness, whether systemic dynamics now preclude the changes needed to avert catastrophe. The lesson: delayed responses to accumulating risks eventually reach a tipping point where optimism itself becomes untenable.
\nWhat the Collection Tells Us
\nConsidered as a whole, these ten songs have a structure that is worth naming. The nuclear entries (Nena and Iron Maiden) are the only ones in the collection where governance is presented as a tractable solution. This is not a coincidence. Nuclear risk genuinely did respond to political pressure: treaties were negotiated, hotlines established, launch protocols reformed. The enemy had a face, even if Dylan\u2019s executioner kept his well-hidden.
\nThe middle of the collection (Radiohead, Nine Inch Nails) operates differently. These songs address what might be called risk amplifiers. These are not threats or hazards imperilling human life directly, but undermine the preconditions for managing any risk at all. Epistemic collapse and coordination failure are upstream problems. If shared reality dissolves, or if Moloch dynamics mean that individually rational actors cannot help driving toward collectively catastrophic outcomes, then the tractability of any downstream risk deteriorates sharply.
\nThis thought makes the middle cluster arguably the most strategically significant section of the list, even though it contains no images of mushroom clouds or dead oceans. The substrate on which all other risk mitigation depends is being quietly eroded, and these songs noticed. Humanity needed to act.
\nHowever, the later entries abandon solution-framing almost entirely. Tool offers elegy; Muse is a band travelling from defiant resistance to titular resignation. When the same creative community that once sang \u201cwe will be victorious\u201d arrives at \u201cit\u2019s a losing game,\u201d something has shifted in the ambient cultural temperature and it is worth asking what.
\nSeveral patterns recur across all ten songs with enough consistency to suggest they are capturing something real rather than reflecting the preoccupations of any single artist. Catastrophe, in this collection, is not always the result of a single cause or a single villain. From Dylan\u2019s multi-domain collapse to Muse\u2019s polycrisis, risk emerges from interacting systems, feedback loops, and the aggregated weight of small failures, it crosses institutional silos.
\nMisalignment, mistake, and accident feature far more prominently than malice. \u201c99 Luftballons\u201d and \u201c2 Minutes to Midnight\u201d make this point about nuclear risk; \u201cAlgorithm\u201d makes it about AI; \u201cThe Great Destroyer\u201d generalises it as a structural feature of complex systems. This convergence on accident-over-intent is striking, and consistent with how GCR researchers now understand the landscape, where \u201cagents of doom\u201d are just a subset of wider risk classification.
\nPerhaps the most persistent motif across all ten songs is the presence of visible warning that goes unheeded. From Dylan\u2019s insistence on testimony to Radiohead\u2019s accusation that \u201cyou have not been paying attention,\u201d the collective argument of this music is not that catastrophe arrives without warning. It is that the warning is available, and something prevents it from being acted upon. That something, whether it be attention, will, institutional design, or the psychology of denial, is the real subject of the collection.
\nThe shift in emotional register over six decades is measurable beyond this curated selection. Sentiment analysis of 6,150 Billboard Hot 100 songs from 1951 to 2016 found statistically significant movement toward the negative across the full period. The musicologist Ted Gioia, tracking key signatures, notes that the proportion of songs in minor keys has stabilised at a level dramatically higher than the 1970s and 1980s, with lyrics growing angrier in tandem. Slower, darker, angrier, these are independent signals pointing the same way.
\nThe dominance of rock and art-rock in this blog\u2019s selection is not accidental. These are the genres where the pessimistic turn was early and sharp, which may explain why they have engaged most explicitly with existential themes. The question, however, is whether the cultural drift these genres exemplify is a leading indicator of something broader, a reflection of accumulated real-world deterioration, or even the anticipation of decline.
\nPlato argued in The Republic that, \u201cwhen the modes of music change, the fundamental laws of the State always change with them.\u201d We seem to be seeing this.
\nHas Music Lost Its Leverage?
\nThis brings us to an important implication. In 1983, \u201c99 Luftballons\u201d was a shared cultural object, inescapable across West Germany and much of Europe. This was not because an algorithm decided its listeners were already interested in nuclear anxiety, but because broadcast media delivered it to everyone. Politicians felt the weight of that consensus precisely because their constituents had all received the same message, through the same channels (eg radio), at the same time, and were talking about it in the same spaces.
\nShared cultural objects create shared emotional states. Shared emotional states are what make collective political action possible. Soviet openness, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and massive nuclear disarmament followed.
\nThe infrastructure now exists for a song to quickly reach a billion people. But the conditions under which music once moved societies collectively do not. Algorithmic personalisation means that a contemporary protest song, however urgent, reaches the already-convinced. The song does not cross the gap. Reach is not the same as persuasion, and persuasion across existing divisions is precisely what changes policy. Kneecap raging at Coachella in 2025 probably felt incredibly subversive, but it probably had less real world impact than Nena\u2019s broad-based success in the early 1980s. Spectacle has expanded. Leverage may have contracted.
\nConclusion
\nIf my 2025 GCR films analysis suggested that cinema can act as a sentinel for global catastrophic risk, watching, warning, occasionally influencing policy directly, then popular music might be better understood as a barometer, registering ambient pressures rather than pointing at specific threats, capturing shifts in collective mood from fear to anger to resignation, often before those shifts surface in policy or public debate.
\nThe trajectory across these ten songs describes a gradual erosion of perceived collective agency. Whether that reflects actual changes in the risk landscape, changes in perception, or changes in the cultural machinery available for translating concern into action is difficult to untangle. Probably all three, interacting in ways that are themselves a kind of Moloch dynamic.
\nWhat is harder to dispute is the mismatch where global catastrophic risks are, on most measures, increasing, but the cultural mechanisms for building shared concern and translating it into collective action are fragmenting. The tools are becoming less effective precisely as the task becomes more demanding. This is the world\u2019s metacrisis.
\nArtists have often perceived the shape of emerging risks before they were formally named. Less constrained by institutional caution, they can follow an anxiety wherever it leads. When the tenor of popular music shifts demonstrably toward collective pessimism, as the data confirms it has, across genres and decades, it is worth asking what that shift is registering.
\nRight now, the needle is pointing somewhere uncomfortable. The question is whether anyone with the ability to act is \u201cpaying attention\u201d, or whether we are indeed \u201cF#*king F#*ked\u201d.
","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59350/pvvdz-88m54","funding_references":null,"guid":"http://adaptresearchwriting.com/?p=7494","id":"52bb68fc-fae4-42d2-b3fa-8a4f1a944dc2","image":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png?w=468","images":[{"height":"255","sizes":"(max-width: 468px) 85vw, 468px","src":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png?w=468","srcset":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png, https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png?w=150, https://adaptresearchwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-4.png?w=300","width":"468"}],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776567312,"language":"en","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776567048,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"2xrp2-vwh27","status":"active","summary":"\n (15 min long-read)\n\n\n TLDR/Summary\n\nAnalysis of ten songs spanning six decades illustrates popular music\u2019s sustained and often prescient engagement with global catastrophic risk (GCR), frequently anticipating threats before policy communities formally named them.","tags":[],"title":"\u201cWe Are F#*king F#*ked!\u201d \u2013 Popular Music on Global Catastrophic Risk","updated_at":1776567048,"url":"https://adaptresearchwriting.com/2026/04/19/we-are-fking-fked-popular-music-on-global-catastrophic-risk/","version":"v1"},{"abstract":"My friend Abigail Haddad has been doing amazing things with open government data. Her website is a treasure trove of data science workflows that give insights into the federal administrative state on topics as diverse as public comment analysis in rulemaking and the status of federal job openings.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Marcum","given":"Christopher Steven"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":null,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":null,"archive_timestamps":null,"authors":null,"canonical_url":null,"category":"socialSciences","community_id":"8bdb1ae7-4621-4fa5-ad1a-3a639417dfd5","created_at":1768749419.674086,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Perspectives on science, data, and technology that don't fit anywhere else.","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":null,"feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"http://chrismarcum.com/marcum-blog/feed.atom","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"Jekyll","generator_raw":"Jekyll 3.10.0","home_page_url":"http://chrismarcum.com/marcum-blog/","id":"b00df8b2-ad89-4104-a621-b629059a8b5a","indexed":true,"issn":null,"language":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":0,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"chrismarcum","status":"active","subfield":"3312","subfield_validated":true,"title":"Open Evidence","updated_at":1776673434.940199,"use_api":null,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":null},"blog_name":"Open Evidence","blog_slug":"chrismarcum","content_html":"My friend Abigail Haddad has been doing amazing things with open government data. Her website is a treasure trove of data science workflows that give insights into the federal administrative state on topics as diverse as public comment analysis in rulemaking and the status of federal job openings.
\nIn a recent project, Abigail pulled bulk data from usaspending.gov on nearly 70,000 federal contract cancellations that occurred in the last year. The vast majority of the contracts canceled were done so with the justification that they were \u201cterminated for convenience\u201d to the government.
\nAs we all now know, DOGE pushed agencies to cancel large numbers of federal contracts by directing them to end agreements it viewed as wasteful or misaligned with the administration\u2019s agenda - or because ChatGPT told them they were. Agency staff responded by issuing termination notices, often without providing detailed justification, and contractors later alleged that these cancellations were driven by political motives rather than performance issues. Sometime last year, I was trying to do information quality checks on the assertions DOGE was making on its stupid government website about how much they had canceled (site is not even worth linking to here) by reviewing actual contracts available through the Federal Procurement Data System and I was noting that many contract cancellations were in fact tagged with the \u201cconvenience\u201d justification. A few of those were also annotated by the procurement officer as \u201cordered by DOGE\u201d or just \u201cDOGE.\u201d
\nAbigail\u2019s work provides a richer perspective on the contract cancellations than most of the press covered, or that I was able to gain insight to through FPDS earlier on in the chaos. Because she conveniently provided the data (repackaged from usaspending in a more convenient format), we can ask questions of interest using these data. For instance, I wanted to know which states were most impacted by the contracts terminated for convenience to the government. Using a bit of R-code, that was really easy to accomplish thanks to Abigail\u2019s work. Here\u2019s the result:
\nMy colleague Ian discovered the other day that, alarmingly, even if you tell Claude code not ever to read your.env files, it may still do so and send the result back to its servers, thereby compromising your local development secrets. Ian is using Claude via cursor, but his AGENTS.md file specifically instructed Claude not to read this file. It did so anyway.
\n
The \u201c12 Factor App\u201d paradigm tells us that we must store configuration in the environment. But when developing locally, this means that we need some way of bootstrapping the environment\u2026 and .env files are the most common way to do this. Whack your config in a .env file, then, just before the app loads, load the file into the container environment.
\nThis creates some serious security problems, of course. Every experienced developer has a gitignore file template that blocks the commit of .env files. But it\u2019s simple, convenient, and works.
\nThe other thing about this paradigm though is that of course in an ideal world all of the configuration secrets used on a development machine would be sandboxed development credentials for external services. If you\u2019re doing development work against an external API, you should not be using the production secret on your local development machine. But this is totally naive. Smaller, custom production APIs do not necessarily have or provide sandboxed test modes. Mocking such services locally is a huge drain on time, and one also cannot guarantee that one has properly mocked all the edge cases for testing. In short, it is highly possible that .env files in local development circumstances can contain live API keys and other sensitive data. Sure, they should not, but we do not live in an ideal world.
\nClaude code, obviously, works by sending responses to and from their server, which runs inference on the context it is provided. If Claude reads the .env file, this will be transmitted back to Anthropic. This could then be incorporated into future training runs. And it could then be possible for a user to extract these data from the model in future. This could lead to credential compromise.
\nThere are many suggested ways of blocking Claude from accessing this file. I have heard suggestion of a .claudeignore file, but believe this is not implemented. Obviously, we have tried putting the ignore instruction in CLAUDE.md and AGENTS.md. Another colleague suggested that Linux or Mac file permissions could be set so that Claude simply could not access the .env file at all (though this could then create permissions problems for running the application in test mode; indeed, I would be worried about the complexity of the file access situation here and having to run Claude in a different user account space to isolate it, which would impose severe restrictions on the coder\u2019s ability). There is an official \u201cdeny rules\u201d mechanism that one is apparently supposed to use, but Claude could circumvent this by writing a custom script or pipe chain.
\nThe way I will handle this in my setup is by using 1Password environments. This software lets you replace variables in a .env file with vault secrets. 1Password then mounts a virtual .env file, with the secrets, in the location you specify. This file is never actually written to disk but all requests to access the file trigger authorisation requests - so, in my setup, I will have to enter my YubiKey and touch the flashing light on it to confirm physical presence. For more, see the 1Password documentation on environments.
\nWith this setup, there will be a separation of concerns. If Claude wants to run the debug server, then that application can be given permission to see the virtual .env file. Likewise, running tests could get permission from me to use secrets. However, if Claude is just scanning the directory for files and I see a popup asking to use the .env file, I will deny such permission. Certainly, there could still be confusion. What if Claude wants to launch the application and then the application requests permission for the file? I could become confused and give permission when I am actually giving it to a sub agent. However, this is the best I have come up with for now on a balance between security and practicality or comfort.
\nI cannot tell whether we are being overly cautious or underly careful. However, my personal belief is that the guardrails employed by Claude here are not sufficient. And there should be a stronger set of mechanisms to deny access to sensitive files.
","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59348/m47sp-w0777","funding_references":null,"guid":"https://doi.org/10.59348/m47sp-w0777","id":"5c82b094-5692-48b4-8635-068306fbf577","image":"https://eve.gd/images/ai.jpg","images":[{"alt":"An abstract image representing AI","src":"https://eve.gd/images/ai.jpg"}],"indexed":true,"indexed_at":1776587531,"language":"en","parent_doi":null,"published_at":1776556800,"reference":[],"registered_at":0,"relationships":[],"rid":"33maz-k1j32","status":"active","summary":"My colleague Ian discovered the other day that, alarmingly, even if you tell Claude code not ever to read your.env files, it may still do so and send the result back to its servers, thereby compromising your local development secrets. Ian is using Claude via cursor, but his AGENTS.md file specifically instructed Claude not to read this file. It did so anyway.","tags":[],"title":"Claude Code can consume, transmit, and compromise your .env files even if you tell it not to","updated_at":1776556800,"url":"https://eve.gd/2026/04/19/claude-code-can-consume-transmit-and-compromise-your-env-files-even-if-you-tell-it-not-to/","version":"v1"},{"abstract":"On a hot, sweltering day in August 389 CE, the Senate House in Rome was packed.","archive_url":null,"authors":[{"contributor_roles":[],"family":"Elm","given":"Susanna"}],"blog":{"archive_collection":22155,"archive_host":null,"archive_prefix":"https://wayback.archive-it.org/22155/20231101171916/","archive_timestamps":null,"authors":null,"canonical_url":null,"category":"historyAndArchaeology","community_id":"207627d9-a861-43ba-9c9d-e58d9ec209ac","created_at":1695078000,"current_feed_url":null,"description":"Avenues to Ancient Civil War","doi":null,"doi_as_guid":false,"favicon":"https://rogue-scholar.org/api/communities/35a28370-70a3-4573-8dc0-1445a89e95d6/logo","feed_format":"application/atom+xml","feed_url":"https://stasis.hypotheses.org/feed/atom","filter":null,"funding":null,"generator":"WordPress","generator_raw":"WordPress 6.6.2","home_page_url":"https://stasis.hypotheses.org","id":"db59cd47-43ea-44de-bb9e-6a9af48f5ac3","indexed":null,"issn":"2942-1330","language":"en","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","mastodon":null,"prefix":"10.59350","registered_at":1709818277,"relative_url":null,"ror":null,"secure":true,"slug":"stasis","status":"active","subfield":"1202","subfield_validated":null,"title":"Stasis","updated_at":1776675076.143939,"use_api":true,"use_mastodon":false,"user_id":"ffd4bcc9-6554-436d-8d44-99f2124831b6"},"blog_name":"Stasis","blog_slug":"stasis","content_html":"\nOn a hot, sweltering day in August 389 CE, the Senate House in Rome was packed. Clad in their shiny white toga, a carefully folded and rather uncomfortable woolen robe, often adorned with a broad purple stripe, the Roman senators had come to listen to an honored speaker praise the recent victory of their emperor over a terrifying foe. By senatorial invitation, the speaker had come to Rome from Bordeaux in Southern Gaul, and all concerned knew that he would face a difficult task. Latinius Pacatus Drepanius had been charged with representing the senators, but he also spoke on behalf of the emperor, who was present. Moreover, he spoke for his native of Gaul and, last but not least, for himself, mindful of the career boost a successful performance would bring (and, one presumes, of the pitfalls should he fail). Pacatus delivered a bravura performance. He presented the interests of the three parties by addressing all the themes traditionally required for such a speech of praise, or panegyric.[1] But then, in a true masterstroke, he included some radical, unheard-of innovations.
\n\n\n\nThat had been a risky move. Neither the Roman senators, proud of their ancestral mores, nor Roman emperors were, on the whole, fans of novelty. But Pacatus had rightly judged that this occasion called for new approaches. To wit: Pacatus had to praise a triumphant victory in a civil war in front of an audience that included many who had supported the loser. The victorious emperor was Theodosius I., later known as the Great, in part because with one edict he had made catholic Christianity the religion of the empire.[2] Theodosius was, in fact, the ruler of the Eastern empire, and should have been in Constantinople rather than in Rome. But two years earlier, in 387, Magnus Maximus, one of the two Western emperors, decided to move from Gaul, which he controlled, into Italy, which was instead under the control of the second Western emperor, Valentinian II. It was an act of aggression (which threatened Constantinople\u2019s Africa grain supply; hence the choice of a speaker from Gaul), that had forced Theodosius to react. He moved West against Magnus Maximus, whom he defeated in 388. Magnus was executed, and his severed head paraded through Italy.
\n\n\n\nCivil war is, of course, as old as Rome, whose founding narrative memorialized a fratricide. But celebrating the winner of a civil war with what amounted to an official triumph in the Eternal City was rare indeed, almost unheard of, and bound to be controversial.[3] After all, it praised the slaughter of Romans by their fellow Romans. Here enters Pacatus\u2019s innovation. For the first time ever, he devoted more than half of his panegyric to the defeated, whom he evoked by name (despite senatorially decreed memory sanctions): Magnus Maximus. The result was the direct contrast of two modes of imperial masculinity. Here was Theodosius, \u201cthe god we can see,\u201d the most sacred, divine emperor (sacratissimus divinus imperator), whom Pacatus presented as the perfect expression of (imperial) Roman elite manliness, further enhanced by his divinely granted victory. Theodosius\u2019s manliness was the hard, battle-proven, courageous kind, an emblem of self-restraint, at home in war and peace.
\n\n\n\nEven more important, Pacatus\u2019s Theodosius was a model of virtue because he was a man of sublime beauty, as befitting a present god. The Latin for virtue is virtus, derived from the Latin vir. Vir means man, but it denoted in fact a member of the Roman elite, who lived in accordance with the codes of elite male deportment. Such deportment required courage (virtus), in particular in battle, where the commander (imperator) had to prove his strength (vis), as well as the virtues of sangfroid, rational thinking, self-restraint, not least to earn his soldiers\u2019s loyalty or fides, faith. In civilian life, the virtuous leader had to embody justice, generosity, and benevolence, in addition to a host of other virtues. Pacatus\u2019s splendidly beautiful Theodosius was the true Roman vir par excellence. But if that was so, then his defeated opponent, consequently, could have possessed none of these virtues. Magnus Maximus\u2019s loss in that civil war was proof positive that he had been a monstrous non-vir \u2013 which meant that he was also not truly Roman, as Pacatus proceeded to demonstrate in vivid detail.
\n\n\n\nGender, as my book, The Importance of Being Gorgeous, argues, is intrinsic to power and its representation.[4] Pacatus opposed \u2013 on behalf of the victorious Theodosius and hence very deliberately \u2013 two forms of imperial and hence elite Roman masculinity, or \u201cvir-ness,\u201d because the language of gender, of what being a Roman elite man meant, was quintessentially a language of power. How power should be represented, what a real Roman imperator should look like, was an important way of debating, negotiating, and dealing with conflicts over power, of which civil wars are an expression par excellence.
\n\n\n\nHere, as my book argues, notions of beauty were crucial. As mentioned, the Theodosian emperors were divine \u2013 gods one could see \u2013 so that their beauty, their version of manliness (virtus) represented the face and body of God. The emperors\u2019 gorgeousness, enhanced by their sparkling regalia, how they wished their bodies to be seen by their elite subjects, who authored texts such as Pacatus\u2019s praise of Theodosius, was as important as laws, taxes, and armies. Pacatus\u2019s panegyric proves this assertion through an emotionally suggestive language that evoked images galore. His Roman emperors \u2013 that is, the kind of emperor Theodosius wanted his elite subjects to see (through Pacatus\u2019s words) \u2013 were true, legitimate rulers because they possessed a manliness that was capacious, expansive, and comprehensive: both hard and smooth, mature yet also youthful, unforgiving yet also all-embracing and merciful. As such, this vir-ness strategically deployed male same-sex erotic desire to enhance the unity of the realm in times of tension, such as, for instance, the aftermath of civil war.[5]
\n\n\n\nAs mentioned, Pacatus opposed Theodosius\u2019s ideal Roman imperial vir-ness with the \u201cless-than-vir-ness\u201d of the defeated Magnus Maximus. He made Maximus \u2013 for nearly five years acknowledged as legitime Western emperor, who may have been related to Theodosius, and as such also a sacratissimus divinus imperator \u2013 into a negligent little house-born slave (neglegentissimus vernula), into a gladiator and brigand, in fact, into a properly monstrous tyrant, who lacked all self-restraint. Maximus became a person without virtus. His characteristics also shaped his army (as did Theodosius\u2019s): soft, dancing lightweights, clad in diaphanous robes, who advanced like \u201cEgyptians\u201d under the leadership of their queen Cleopatra/Maximus against the true Roman soldiers, weighted down by their heavy weapons, commanded by Augustus/Theodosius; the outcome was pre-ordained. But not only Maximus\u2019s \u201csoldiers\u201d had been soft, Egyptian, \u201coriental\u201d non-viri; the same was also true of his other supporters (such as those seated in the Senate), who had likewise been \u201cdelicate and fluid\u201d \u201cslaves\u201d to Eastern luxury. But now, the specter of that kind of softness in Rome had been banned: Theodosius had won. (Note: Pacatus also had to contend with the fact that, first, the victor was the Eastern, \u201coriental\u201d ruler, who had trounced the Western one; history and the classic tropes of the civil war required, of course, that the hard Western Augustus would defeat the soft Eastern Cleopatra and Marc Antony, not the other way round. Second, both armies consisted of large numbers of Gothic, Vandal, Alan, Frankish, and Hunnic contingents; those who lost became Egyptians, the others Romans).
\n\n\n\nWinning a civil war (or any other war for that matter) was, however, only part of the story. To establish his legitimacy, the victor had to show clemency. One further advantage of Pacatus\u2019s contest of two forms of imperial vir-ness \u2013 one fully realized and the other fully negated \u2013, was that Maximus\u2019s abject, tyrannical badness enhanced the magnitude of Theodosius\u2019s post-war clemency, and hence the extent of the reconciliation. That (post-war) Theodosius was also soft, but his softness had a different quality. Already, while the battle was still raging, he had begun to blush (like a female person), and had exhibited misericordia, mercy (also like a female person). Indeed, once the main culprits had been properly decapitated (but not crucified as slaves deserved), Theodosius proceeded to forgive all the others and embraced them in his maternal bosom.[6] Because of his immense, divine clemency and misericordia, \u201cno one\u2019s liberty was forfeited, no one\u2019s previous rank diminished […] all were restored to their homes, all to their wives and children, all finally \u2013 which is sweeter \u2013 to innocence. See, Emperor, what the consequences of this clemency are for you: you have so managed things that no one feels that he has been conquered by you, the victor.\u201d[7] Such divine clemency, such love of (hu)mankind (philanthropia), merited indeed a triumph because Theodosius had granted victory even to the vanquished.
\n\n\n\nIn Pacatus\u2019s hands, then, the emperor, here Theodosius, was the arbiter of vir-ness, and that means also of Roman-ness. It becomes evident that both were inherently instable. Loss in a civil war could turn perfect Roman viri (like Magnus Maximus and his senatorial supporters) instantly into delicate, fluid, soft, even tyrannical non-Roman non-viri. But divine imperial clemency, post-civil war, could then return those same persons, equally instantly, back into true, Roman elite viri (once a few of the losers had been exemplarily eliminated): the right imperial softness, combined with the appropriate hardness, beautifully restored the unity of the realm, in the image of the divinely beautiful Roman ruler.
\n\n\n\n[1] A Commentary on Panegyrici Latini II(12): An Oration Delivered by Pacatus Drepanius before the Emperor Theodosius I in the Senate at Rome, AD 389, edited by Roger Rees. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023.
\n\n\n\n[2] For a critical reappraisal of that interpretation of that edict with further bibliographic references, see Susanna Elm, \u201cWho Decides the Nature of God? Late Roman Edicts as Collective Decision-Making Processes in the Context of Empire (Cod. Theod. 16.1.2.1 Cunctos populos),\u201d Studies in Late Antiquity (Special Issue: Divine Democracy), forthcoming.
\n\n\n\n[3] Johannes Wienand, \u201c\u2018O tandem felix civili, Roma, victoria!\u2019 Civil war triumphs from Honorius to Constantine and back,\u201d in Contested Monarchy. Integrating the Roman empire in the 4th century AD, edited by Johannes Wienand. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015, 169\u201397.
\n\n\n\n[4] Susanna Elm, The Importance of Being Gorgeous: Gender and Christian Imperial Rule in Late Antiquity. Oakland: University of California Press, 2026.
\n\n\n\n[5] For another example of this strategy see Flavio Santini, \u201cA Martyr of Civil Wars: Ambrose on the Death of Valentinian II.,\u201d in War and Community in Late Antiquity, edited by Susanna Elm and Kristina Sessa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2026, 353\u201379.
\n\n\n\n[6] See also Susanna Elm, \u201cBloodless Victory and virtus on the Christian Battlefield (Sulpicius Severus, Life of Martin; Pacatus, Praise of Theodosius I; Ambrose, Oration on the Death of Theodosius I),\u201d in Christian Political Cultures, edited by Richard Flowers, Meaghan McEvoy, and Robin Whelan, Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, forthcoming.
\n\n\n\n[7] Pan. lat. 2(12). 45.6.
\n\n\n\nFeatured image: The Missorium of Theodosius I. Royal Academy of History, Madrid; Detail: Theodosius I.
\n\n\n\nUniversity of California Press 2025
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